1981 in paleontology
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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1981.
Plants
Angiosperms
Superrosids - Fabids
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Synonymized taxa | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Palaeocarpinus[2] | Sp nov | Valid | Crane | A betulaceous fruit. | |||||
Pseudofagus[3] | Gen et sp nov | Valid | Smiley & Huggins | Latah Formation | A fagaceous genus |
Arthropoda
Insects
Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Polanskiella[4] | Gen et sp nov | jr synonym | Rossi de Garcia | Ventana Formation | Extinct Myrmeciin ant genus, | |||
Gen et sp. nov | jr synonym | Dlussky | Chon-Tyz mine | An Amblyoponin ant. jr synonym of Casaleia inversa |
Archosauromorpha
Newly named dinosaurs
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[6]
Name | Status | Authors | Location | Notes | Images | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Avimimus[7] | Valid taxon | A very Bird-like Oviraptorosaur. | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() | |||
Barsboldia[8] | Valid taxon | A Mongolian Lambeosaurine. | ||||
Elmisaurus[9] | Valid taxon | |||||
Garudimimus[10] | Valid taxon | |||||
"Honghesaurus" | Nomen nudum | Later renamed Yandusaurus. | ||||
"Ingenia"[10] | Preoccupied. | Name preoccupied by a nematode Gerlach 1957. Renamed Ajancingenia in 2013. | ||||
Muttaburrasaurus[11] | Valid taxon |
| An Iguanodont with a horn-like knob of its Snout. | |||
Palaeopteryx[12] | Valid taxon |
| ||||
Scutellosaurus[13] | Valid taxon |
| One of the Earliest known Tyreophoran. |
Remarks on newly named birds
- Palaeopteryx thomsoni Jensen, 1981. is most probably not a bird but perhaps a small dinosaur, it is best treated as a taxon non avium.
- Plegadis pharangites Olson, 1981. is a new name for Plegadis gracilis Miller et Bowman, 1956, preoccupied by Plegadis gracilis (Lydekker, 1891), described as Milnea gracilis Lydekker, 1891 and transferred to the genus Plegadis Kaup, 1829 by Cheneval, 1984.
Newly named birds
Name | Status | Novelty | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Burhinus lucorum [14] | Valid | Sp. nov. | K. Jeffrey Bickart | Middle Sheep Creek Formation |
| A Burhinidae. | ||
Enantiornis leali [15] | Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Alexornithiformes Brodkorb, 1976, Enantiornithidae Nessov et Borkin, 1983, this is the type species of the new genus. | |||||
Eogrus crudus [16] | Valid | Sp. nov. | Middle-Late Eocene | Tsagan Kutel | A Gruiformes, Eogruidae Wetmore, 1934, this is the type species of the new genus. | |||
Falco medius [17] | Valid | Sp. nov. | A. S. Umanskaya | MN 11-13 | A Falconidae. | |||
Gavia paradoxa [17] | Valid | Sp. nov. | A. S. Umanskaya | MN 11-13 | A Gaviidae. | |||
Ioriotis gabunii [18] | Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Nikolay I. Burchak-Abramovich Abesalom K. Vekua | Kvabebi |
| An Otididae, this is the type species of the new genus. | ||
Mancalla emlongi [19] | Valid | Sp. nov. |
| An Alcidae, Mancallinae L. H. Miller, 1946. | ||||
Microdytes tonnii [20] | Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | A Sphniscidae, this is the type species of the new genus. Microdytes Simpson, 1981 is preoccupied by Microdytes Balfour-Browne, 1949 (Coleoptera), so Storrs L. Olson created the new genus Eretiscus Olson, 1986 to accommodate Microdytes tonnii Simpson, 1981.[21] | |||||
Pedinorhis stirpsarcana [22] | Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | Mary C. McKitrick | Cave deposits | A Fringillidae, Emberizinae, this is the type species of the new genus. | |||
Pelecanus cadimurka [23] | Valid | Sp. nov. | Patricia Vickers Rich Gerard F. Van Tets | Kuttipirra (Katipiri) Waterhole | A Pelecanidae. | |||
Valid | Sp. nov. | A. S. Umanskaja | MN 11-12 | A Picidae. | ||||
Sonogrus gregalis [16] | Valid | Gen. nov. et Sp. nov. | A Gruiformes, Eogruidae Wetmore, 1934, this is the type species of the new genus. | |||||
Uria brodkorbi [25] | Valid | Sp. nov. |
| An Alcidae. | ||||
Urmiornis orientalis [16] | Valid | Sp. nov. | A Gruiformes, Eogruidae Wetmore, 1934, transferred to the genus Amphipelargus Lydekker, 1891 by both Kurochkin, 1985 and Olson, 1985. | |||||
Urmiornis ukrainus [16] | Valid | Sp. nov. | Mn 9-10-11 | A Gruiformes, Eogruidae Wetmore, 1934, transferred to the genus Amphipelargus Lydekker, 1891 by both Kurochkin, 1985 and Olson, 1985. | ||||
Youngornis gracilis [26] | Valid | Gen. nov et Sp. nov. | Yeh Hsiangk’uei | A Rallidae, this is the type species of the new genus. | ||||
Zeltornis ginsburgi [27] | Valid | Gen. nov et Sp. nov. | Jean Chr. Balouet | Late Burdigalian, Djebel Zelten | An Ardeidae, this is the type species of the new genus. |
Plesiosaurs
- Carroll, R. C., 1981, Plesiosaur ancestors from the Upper Permian of Madagascar: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B, v. 293, p. 315- 383.
Name | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid | Brown | Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian | A cryptoclidid. |
Pterosaurs
New taxa
Name | Status | Authors | Location | Images | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid | Galton | ||||
Valid | Nesov |
Synapsids
Non-mammalian
Name | Status | Authors | Discovery year | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Valid | ||||||||
Valid |
References
- ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
- ^ Pigg, K.B.; Manchester S.R.; Wehr W.C. (2003). "Corylus, Carpinus, and Palaeocarpinus (Betulaceae) from the Middle Eocene Klondike Mountain and Allenby Formations of Northwestern North America". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 164 (5): 807–822. doi:10.1086/376816. S2CID 19802370.
- ^ Smiley, C.J.; Huggins, L.M. (1981). "Pseudofagus idahoensis, n. gen. et sp. (Fagaceae) from the Miocene Clarkia flora of Idaho". American Journal of Botany. 68 (6): 741–761. ISSN 0002-9122.
- ^ Dlussky, G.M. (2012). "New Fossil Ants of the Subfamily Myrmeciinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Germany". Paleontological Journal. 46 (3): 288–292. doi:10.1134/s0031030111050054. S2CID 83891156.
- ^ Dlussky, G.M.; Putyatina, T.S. (2014). "Early Miocene ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Radoboj, Croatia". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen. 272 (3): 237–285. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.692.9292. doi:10.1127/0077-7749/2014/0409.
- ^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
- ^ Kurzanov, S.M. 1981. On the unusual theropods from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Sovm. Sov.-Mong. Paleontol. Eksped. Trudy 15: pp. 39-50.
- ^ Maryanska, T. and H. Osmólska. 1981. First lambeosaurine dinosaur from the Nemegt Formation, Upper Cretaceous, Mongolia. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 26 (3-4): pp. 243-255.
- ^ Osmolska, H. 1981. Coosified tarsometatarsal in theropod dinosaurs and their bearing on the problem of bird origins. Paleontol. Polonica 42: pp. 79-95.
- ^ a b Barsbold, R. 1981. The toothless carnivorous dinosaurs of Mongolia. Sovm. Sov.-Mong. Paleontol. Eksped. Trudy 15: pp. 28-39.
- ^ Bartholomai, A., and R.E. Molnar. 1981. Muttaburrasaurus, a new iguanodontid (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Queensland. Mem. Queensland Museum 20: pp. 319-149.
- ^ Jensen, J.A. 1981. Another look at Archaeopteryx as the world's oldest bird. Encyclia 58: pp. 109-128.
- ^ Colbert, E.H. 1981. A primitive ornithischian dinosaur from the Kayenta Formation of Arizona. Museum Northern Arizona Bull. 53: pp. 1-61.
- ^ K. Jeffrey Bickart (1981). "A New Thick-knee, Burhinus, from the Miocene of Nebraska, with Comments on the Habitat Requirements of the Burhinidae (Aves: Charadriiformes)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1 (3–4): 273–277. doi:10.1080/02724634.1981.10011902.
- ^ Cyril A. Walker (1981). "New Subclass of Birds from the Cretaceous of South America". Nature. 292 (5818): 51–53. doi:10.1038/292051a0. S2CID 4340858.
- ^ a b c d Evgeny N. Kurochkin (1981). "[New Representatives and Evolution of Two Archaic Gruiform Families in Eurasia]". Sovmestnaja Sovetsko-Mongol'skaja Paleontol. Ekspedit. 15: 59–85.
- ^ a b A. S. Umanskaya (1981). "[Miocene Birds of the Black Sea Coastal Region]". Vestnik Zoologii Nauchnyy Zhurnal Instituta Zoologii Imeni I. I. Shmal'gauzena Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoy SSR II 3. 15: 17–21.
- ^ Nikolay I. Burchak-Abramovich & Abesalom K. Vekua (1981). "Fossil Bustard Runner Ioriotis gabunii New Genus New Species of East Georgian SSR USSR Akchagylian". Izvestiya Akademii Nauk Gruzinskoi SSR Seriya Biologicheskaya. 7: 53–60.
- ^ Storrs L. Olson (1981). "A Third Species of Mancalla from the Late Pliocene San Diego Formation of California (Aves: Alcidae)" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1 (1): 97–99. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.614.8039. doi:10.1080/02724634.1981.10011882.
- ^ George G. Simpson (1981). "Notes on Some Fossil Penguins, including a New Genus from Patagonia". Ameghiniana. 18 (3–4): 266–272.
- ^ Storrs L. Olson (1986). "A Replacement Name for the Fossil Penguin Microdytes Simpson (Aves: Spheniscidae)". Journal of Paleontology. 60 (3): 785. doi:10.1017/S0022336000022332. S2CID 140620588.
- ^ Storrs L. Olson & Mary C. McKitrick (1981). "A New Genus and Species of Emberizine Finch from the Pleistocene Cave Deposits in Puerto Rico (Aves: Passeriformes)" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1 (3–4): 279–283. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.501.5247. doi:10.1080/02724634.1981.10011903.
- ^ Patricia Vickers Rich & Gerard F. Van Tets (1981). "The Fossil Pelecans of Australasia" (PDF). Records of the South Australian Museum. 18: 235–264.[permanent dead link]
- ^ A. S. Umanskaja (1981). "[Miocene Birds of the Black Sea Coastal Region]". Vestnik Zoologii Nauchnyy Zhurnal Instituta Zoologii Imeni I. I. Shmal'gauzena Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoy SSR II. 3: 17–21.
- ^ Hildegarde Howard (1981). "A New Species of Murre, Genus Uria, from the Late Miocene of California" (PDF). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences. 80: 1–12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-05.
- ^ Yeh Hsiangk’uei (1981). "[Third Note on Fossil Birds from Linqu, Shandong]" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 19 (2): 149–155.
- ^ Jean Chr. Balouet (1981). "Zeltornis ginsburgi n.g. n.sp. (Ardeidae: Aves), Héron Géant du Miocène Inférieur du Djebel Zelten (Libye)". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris. Série II. 293: 235–239.