20th New Zealand Parliament
20th Parliament of New Zealand | |||||
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Parliament House, Wellington | |||||
Overview | |||||
Legislative body | New Zealand Parliament | ||||
Term | 14 June 1920 – 31 October 1922 | ||||
Election | 1919 New Zealand general election | ||||
Government | Reform Government | ||||
House of Representatives | |||||
Members | 80 | ||||
Speaker of the House | Frederic Lang | ||||
Prime Minister | William Massey | ||||
Leader of the Opposition | Thomas Wilford from 8 September 1920 — William MacDonald until 31 August 1920 † | ||||
Legislative Council | |||||
Members | 43 (at start) 38 (at end) | ||||
Speaker of the Council | Sir Walter Carncross | ||||
Leader of the Council | Sir Francis Bell | ||||
Sovereign | |||||
Monarch | HM George V | ||||
Governor-General | HE Rt. Hon. The Viscount Jellicoe from 27 September 1920 — HE Rt. Hon. The Earl of Liverpool until 8 July 1920 |
The 20th New Zealand Parliament was a term of the New Zealand Parliament. It was elected at the 1919 general election in December of that year.
1919 general election
The 1919 general election was held on Tuesday, 16 December in the Māori electorates and on Wednesday, 17 December in the general electorates, respectively.[1] A total of 80 MPs were elected; 45 represented North Island electorates, 31 represented South Island electorates, and the remaining four represented Māori electorates.[2] 683,420 voters were enrolled and the official turnout at the election was 80.5%.[1]
Sessions
The 20th Parliament sat for four sessions (there were two sessions in 1921), and was prorogued on 30 November 1922.[3]
Session | Opened | Adjourned |
---|---|---|
first | 24 June 1920 | 11 November 1920 |
second | 10 March 1921 | 22 March 1921 |
third | 22 September 1921 | 11 February 1922 |
fourth | 28 June 1922 | 31 October 1922 |
Party standings
Start of Parliament
[4]
Party | Leader(s) | Seats at start | |
Reform Party | William Massey | 47 | |
Liberal Party | William MacDonald | 21 | |
Labour Party | Harry Holland | 8 | |
Independent | 4 |
End of Parliament
Party | Leader(s) | Seats at end | |
Reform Party | William Massey | 44 | |
Liberal Party | Thomas Wilford | 18 | |
Labour Party | Harry Holland | 9 | |
Independents | 7 |
Ministries
The wartime coalition between the Reform Party and the Liberal Party had come to an end by August 1919. William Massey of the Reform Party had been the leader of the coalition, with Joseph Ward of the Liberal Party as the deputy.[5] Ward left the coalition because it had become deeply unpopular with the population.[6] Massey then formed the second Massey Ministry on 25 August 1919 and remained in power during the term of the 20th Parliament and beyond until his death on 10 May 1925.[6][7]
Initial composition of the 20th Parliament
The table below shows the results of the 1919 general election:
Key
Reform | Liberal | Labour | Liberal–Labour | |||||
Independent Liberal | Independent Labour | Independent |
Electorate | Incumbent | Winner | Majority | Runner up | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General electorates | |||||||
Ashburton | William Nosworthy | 1,493 | William Dickie | ||||
Auckland Central | Albert Glover | Bill Parry | 786 | Albert Glover | |||
Auckland East | Arthur Myers | 158 | Clutha Mackenzie | ||||
Auckland West | Charles Poole | Michael Joseph Savage | 533 | Charles Frederick Bennett[9] | |||
Avon | George Russell | Dan Sullivan | 1,648 | George Russell | |||
Awarua | Joseph Ward | John Hamilton | 757 | Joseph Ward | |||
Bay of Islands | Vernon Reed | 1,195 | St. Claire Jounneaux | ||||
Bay of Plenty | William MacDonald | 1,234 | Kenneth Williams | ||||
Bruce | James Allen | 126 | John Edie | ||||
Buller | James Colvin | Harry Holland | 1,003 | Denis Quinlan O'Brien[9] | |||
Chalmers | James Dickson | 883 | John Gilchrist | ||||
Christchurch East | Henry Thacker | 1,940 | Hiram Hunter | ||||
Christchurch North | Leonard Isitt | 2,403 | Tim Armstrong | ||||
Christchurch South | Harry Ell | Ted Howard | 1,675 | Henry Holland | |||
Clutha | Alexander Malcolm | 134 | Robert Alexander Rodger[10][11] | ||||
Dunedin Central | Charles Statham | 497 | Jim Munro | ||||
Dunedin North | Andrew Walker | Edward Kellett | 806 | Andrew Walker | |||
Dunedin South | Thomas Sidey | 84 | Tom Paul | ||||
Dunedin West | William Downie Stewart | 2,421 | John Arthur Brown[12][13] | ||||
Eden | James Parr | 1,854 | Oscar McBrine | ||||
Egmont | Charles Wilkinson | Oswald Hawken | 191 | David Lyon Abbott Astbury | |||
Ellesmere | Heaton Rhodes | 749 | George Barclay | ||||
Franklin | William Massey | 3,030 | Joseph Rea | ||||
Gisborne | James Carroll | Douglas Lysnar | 373 | James Carroll | |||
Grey Lynn | John Payne | Fred Bartram | 481 | Ellen Melville | |||
Hawke's Bay | John Findlay | Hugh Campbell | 942 | Gilbert McKay | |||
Hurunui | George Forbes | 667 | John George Armstrong[14] | ||||
Hutt | Thomas Wilford | 1,005 | David Pritchard | ||||
Invercargill | Josiah Hanan | 1,403 | John Archer | ||||
Kaiapoi | David Buddo | David Jones | 50 | David Buddo | |||
Kaipara | Gordon Coates | 3,291 | Alfred Gregory | ||||
Lyttelton | James McCombs | 577 | Robert Macartney[9] | ||||
Manawatu | New electorate | Edward Newman | 866 | Alfred Hillier | |||
Manukau | Frederic Lang | 2,508 | Rex Mason | ||||
Marsden | Francis Mander | 189 | Alfred Murdoch | ||||
Masterton | George Sykes | George Sykes | 344 | A C Holms | |||
Mataura | George Anderson | 1,336 | David McDougall | ||||
Motueka | Richard Hudson | 661 | Percy Power | ||||
Napier | Vigor Brown | 54 | Frederick Charles Evans[15][16] | ||||
Nelson | Thomas Field | Harry Atmore | 510 | Thomas Field | |||
Oamaru | Ernest Lee | 276 | John MacPherson | ||||
Ohinemuri | Hugh Poland | 555 | J Clark | ||||
Oroua | David Guthrie | 1,843 | E J Tunnicliffe | ||||
Otaki | William Hughes Field | 1,232 | James McKenzie | ||||
Pahiatua | Harold Smith | Archibald McNicol | 170 | Robert Ross | |||
Palmerston | Jimmy Nash | 1,004 | Moses Ayrton[17] | ||||
Parnell | James Samuel Dickson | 3,419 | Tom Bloodworth | ||||
Patea | George Pearce | Walter Powdrell | 255 | William Morrison | |||
Raglan | Richard Bollard | 988 | Bill Jordan | ||||
Rangitikei | Edward Newman | Billy Glenn | 635 | F P Brady[18] | |||
Riccarton | George Witty | 626 | William Russell Devereux[19] | ||||
Roskill | New electorate | Vivian Potter | 1,854 | James Gunson | |||
Rotorua | New electorate | Frank Hockly | 1,733 | Malcolm Larney[20] | |||
Stratford | John Hine | Robert Masters | 61 | John Hine | |||
Taranaki | Sydney George Smith | Sydney George Smith | 1,023 | George H. Buckeridge | |||
Tauranga | William Herries | 1,860 | Benjamin Robbins[21] | ||||
Temuka | Charles Talbot | Thomas Burnett | 31 | Charles Talbot | |||
Thames | Thomas William Rhodes | 1,590 | W J McCormick | ||||
Timaru | James Craigie | James Craigie | 1,519 | Percy Vinnell | |||
Waikato | Alexander Young | 2,893 | P H Watts | ||||
Waimarino | Robert William Smith | 643 | Frank Langstone | ||||
Waipawa | George Hunter | 274 | Albert Jull | ||||
Wairarapa | J. T. Marryat Hornsby | Alex McLeod | 540 | J. T. Marryat Hornsby | |||
Wairau | Richard McCallum | 796 | B J Cooke | ||||
Waitaki | John Anstey | John Bitchener | 472 | John Anstey | |||
Waitemata | Alexander Harris | 1,419 | Arthur Edwin Greenslade[22] | ||||
Waitomo | New electorate | William Jennings | 377 | K C Wilson | |||
Wakatipu | William Fraser | James Horn | 801 | Robert Scott | |||
Wallace | John Charles Thomson | Adam Hamilton | 43 | John Charles Thomson | |||
Wanganui | Bill Veitch | 1,703 | William J. Cuttle | ||||
Wellington Central | Peter Fraser | 1,056 | Frederick Pirani[9] | ||||
Wellington East | Alfred Newman | 1,058 | Alec Monteith | ||||
Wellington North | John Luke | 1,065 | H. Oakley Browne | ||||
Wellington South | Bob Semple | George Mitchell | 1,426 | Bob Semple | |||
Wellington Suburbs | Robert Wright | 1,127 | Alexander Croskery | ||||
Westland | Tom Seddon | 1,497 | James O'Brien | ||||
Māori electorates | |||||||
Eastern Maori | Āpirana Ngata | Uncontested | |||||
Northern Maori | Taurekareka Henare | 1,629 | Nau Parone Kawiti | ||||
Southern Maori | Hopere Uru | 207 | Riki te Mairaki Taiaroa | ||||
Western Maori | Māui Pōmare | 1,424 | Ngarangi Katitia |
By-elections during 20th Parliament
There were a number of changes during the term of the 20th Parliament.
Electorate and by-election | Date | Incumbent | Cause | Winner | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bruce | 1920 | 14 April | James Allen | Resignation | John Edie | ||
Stratford | 1920 | 6 May | Robert Masters | Election declared void | Robert Masters | ||
Bay of Plenty | 1920 | 30 September | William MacDonald | Death | Kenneth Williams | ||
Patea | 1921 | 13 April | Walter Powdrell | Death | Edwin Dixon | ||
Auckland East | 1921 | 2 November | Arthur Myers | Resignation | Clutha Mackenzie | ||
Southern Maori | 1922 | 25 January | Hopere Uru | Death | Henare Uru | ||
Dunedin North | 1922 | 21 June | Edward Kellett | Death | Jim Munro |
Notes
- ^ a b "General elections 1853–2005 - dates & turnout". Elections New Zealand. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 90.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 69.
- ^ "1890–1993 general elections | Elections". elections.nz. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 44.
- ^ a b Gustafson, Barry. "Massey, William Ferguson - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, pp. 44–45.
- ^ Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- ^ a b c d Gustafson 1980, p. 181.
- ^ "Clutha". Otago Daily Times. No. 17779. 11 November 1919. p. 6. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- ^ Dickson, Amanda Rodger (23 September 2011). "West Otago A & P Society". Amanda Rodger Dickson at Wordpress. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- ^ Gustafson 1980, p. 155.
- ^ "The election campaign". Evening Star. No. 17218. 6 December 1919. p. 6. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- ^ "Notice of nominations received". The Press. Vol. LV, no. 16701. 9 December 1919. p. 10. Retrieved 1 August 2020.
- ^ "Notice of Nominations Received". Hawke's Bay Tribune. Vol. IX, no. 303. 9 December 1919. p. 6. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
- ^ "Napier". Hawera & Normanby Star. Vol. LXXIV. 7 November 1919. p. 5. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
- ^ Brown, Colin. "Moses Ayrton". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 28 December 2013.
- ^ Gustafson 1980, p. 154.
- ^ "Notice of Nominations Received". The Press. Vol. LV, no. 16702. 10 December 1919. p. 12. Retrieved 20 December 2014.
- ^ "Rotorua Seat". Auckland Star. Vol. L, no. 282. 27 November 1919. p. 11. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
- ^ "Liberal Selection for Tauranga". Wairarapa Daily Times. Vol. 45, no. 13977. 11 November 1919. p. 5. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
- ^ "Waitemata Parliamentary Election". Observer. Vol. XL, no. 14. 6 December 1919. p. 12. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
References
- Gustafson, Barry (1980). Labour's path to political independence: The Origins and Establishment of the New Zealand Labour Party, 1900–19. Auckland, New Zealand: Auckland University Press. ISBN 0-19-647986-X.
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.