21st New Zealand Parliament
21st Parliament of New Zealand | |||||
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Parliament House, Wellington | |||||
Overview | |||||
Legislative body | New Zealand Parliament | ||||
Term | 7 February 1923 – 1 October 1925 | ||||
Election | 1922 New Zealand general election | ||||
Government | Reform Government | ||||
House of Representatives | |||||
Members | 80 | ||||
Speaker of the House | Charles Statham | ||||
Prime Minister | Gordon Coates from 30 May 1925 — William Massey until 14 May 1925 † | ||||
Leader of the Opposition | George Forbes — Thomas Wilford until 13 August 1925 | ||||
Legislative Council | |||||
Members | 38 | ||||
Speaker of the Council | Sir Walter Carncross | ||||
Leader of the Council | Sir Francis Bell also as Prime Minister 14–30 May 1925 | ||||
Sovereign | |||||
Monarch | HM George V | ||||
Governor-General | HE Gen. Sir Charles Fergusson |
The 21st New Zealand Parliament was a term of the New Zealand Parliament. It was elected at the 1922 general election in December of that year.
1922 general election
The 1922 general election was held on Monday, 6 December in the Māori electorates and on Tuesday, 7 December in the general electorates, respectively.[1] A total of 80 MPs were elected; 45 represented North Island electorates, 31 represented South Island electorates, and the remaining four represented Māori electorates.[2] 700,111 voters were enrolled and the official turnout at the election was 88.7%.[1]
Sessions
The 21st Parliament sat for four sessions (there were two sessions in 1923), and was prorogued on 14 October 1925.[3]
Session | Opened | Adjourned |
---|---|---|
first | 7 February 1923 | 17 February 1923 |
second | 14 June 1923 | 29 August 1923 |
third | 26 June 1924 | 6 November 1924 |
fourth | 25 June 1925 | 1 October 1925 |
Party standings
Start of Parliament
[4]
Party | Leader(s) | Seats at start | |
Reform Party | William Massey | 37 | |
Liberal Party | Thomas Wilford | 22 | |
Labour Party | Harry Holland | 17 | |
Independents | 4 |
End of Parliament
Party | Leader(s) | Seats at end | |
Reform Party | Gordon Coates | 37 | |
Liberal Party | George Forbes | 22 | |
Labour Party | Harry Holland | 17 | |
Independents | 4 |
Ministries
The second Massey Ministry led by William Massey of the Reform Party had come to power in August 1919.[5] Massey ruled until his death on 10 May 1925.[6] Francis Bell had been acting Prime Minister during Massey's illness and took on the temporary leadership following Massey's death.[7] Bell led the Bell Ministry from 14 to 30 May 1925, when the Reform Party elected Gordon Coates as its leader.[8] The Coates Ministry was in place for the remainder of the parliamentary term and for the duration of the 22nd Parliament.[9]
Reform had a narrow margin of three votes in the house if Liberal and Labour combined as they did when the house resumed in February 1923 (but Bell, Witty and Isitt voted with Massey). Hence the Government could not introduce any controversial legislation, and Massey said it was "hell most of the time". [10]
Initial composition of the 21st Parliament
The results of the 1922 election were as follows:
Key
Reform Liberal Labour Independent Liberal Independent
Electorate | Incumbent | Winner | Majority | Runner up | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General electorates | |||||||
Ashburton | William Nosworthy | 1,482[14] | Henry Manwell Jones | ||||
Avon | Dan Sullivan | 2,036 | George Warren Russell | ||||
Awarua | John Hamilton | Philip De La Perrelle | 51[15] | John Hamilton | |||
Auckland Central | Bill Parry | 1,003 | Albert Glover | ||||
Auckland East | Clutha Mackenzie | John A. Lee | 751 | Clutha Mackenzie | |||
Auckland West | Michael Joseph Savage | 1,349 | John Farrell | ||||
Bay of Islands | Vernon Reed | Allen Bell | 188 | Vernon Reed | |||
Bay of Plenty | Kenneth Williams | Uncontested | |||||
Buller | Harry Holland | 1,541[14] | John Menzies | ||||
Chalmers | James Dickson | 679 | Joseph Stephens[16] | ||||
Christchurch East | Henry Thacker | Tim Armstrong | 1,094 | Henry Thacker | |||
Christchurch North | Leonard Isitt | 1,950 | John Archer | ||||
Christchurch South | Ted Howard | 3,140 | H C Lane | ||||
Clutha | Alexander Malcolm | John Edie | 120 | Alexander Malcolm | |||
Dunedin Central | Charles Statham | 723 | John Gilchrist | ||||
Dunedin North | Jim Munro | 55 | James Clark | ||||
Dunedin West | Thomas Sidey | 1,281 | John McManus | ||||
Dunedin South | William Downie Stewart | 1,727 | C M Moss | ||||
Eden | James Parr | 675 | Rex Mason | ||||
Egmont | Oswald Hawken | 372 | D L A Astbury | ||||
Ellesmere | Heaton Rhodes | 732 | J C Free | ||||
Franklin | William Massey | 2,750 | Joseph Rea | ||||
Grey Lynn | Fred Bartram | 1,407 | William John Holdsworth | ||||
Gisborne | Douglas Lysnar | 500[14] | George Wildish[17] | ||||
Hamilton | New electorate | Alexander Young | 2,043 | Arthur Shapton Richards | |||
Hawke's Bay | Hugh Campbell | Gilbert McKay | 317 | Andrew Hamilton Russell[18] | |||
Hurunui | George Forbes | 1,198 | S Andrew | ||||
Hutt | Thomas Wilford | 802[14] | David Pritchard | ||||
Invercargill | Josiah Hanan | 993 | J Armstead | ||||
Kaipara | Gordon Coates | 2,464 | Robert Hornblow | ||||
Kaiapoi | David Jones | David Buddo | 65[19] | David Jones | |||
Lyttelton | James McCombs | 614 | Robert Macartney | ||||
Manawatu | Edward Newman | Joseph Linklater | 1,505 | F D Whibley | |||
Manukau | Frederic Lang | Bill Jordan | 209 | Frederic Lang | |||
Marsden | Francis Mander | Alfred Murdoch | 136 | William Jones | |||
Masterton | George Sykes | 556[14] | A. C. Holmes | ||||
Mataura | George Anderson | 1,041 | David McDougall | ||||
Motueka | Richard Hudson | 538 | R Patterson | ||||
Napier | Vigor Brown | Lew McIlvride | 763 | John Mason | |||
Oamaru | Ernest Lee | John MacPherson | 14 | Ernest Lee | |||
Ohinemuri | Hugh Poland | 939 | Stephen Allen | ||||
Oroua | David Guthrie | 43 | John Cobbe | ||||
Nelson | Harry Atmore | 2,164[14] | Albert Gilbert | ||||
Otaki | William Hughes Field | 58[14] | G. H. M. McClure | ||||
Pahiatua | Archibald McNicol | Alfred Ransom | 59 | Archibald McNicol | |||
Palmerston | Jimmy Nash | 1,067 | Joe Hodgens | ||||
Parnell | James Samuel Dickson | 2,324 | S M Wren | ||||
Patea | Edwin Dixon | James Randall Corrigan | 151 | Edwin Dixon | |||
Raglan | Richard Bollard | 776 | S C G Lye | ||||
Rangitikei | Billy Glenn | 1,007 | F P Brady | ||||
Riccarton | George Witty | 235 | Bert Kyle | ||||
Roskill | Vivian Potter | 2,007 | Alfred Hall-Skelton[20] | ||||
Rotorua | Frank Hockly | 404 | Cecil Clinkard | ||||
Stratford | Robert Masters | 363 | John Hine | ||||
Taranaki | Sydney George Smith | 134 | Charles Bellringer | ||||
Tauranga | William Herries | 1,440[21] | Laurence Johnstone | ||||
Temuka | Thomas Burnett | 407 | Thomas Herbert Langford | ||||
Thames | Thomas William Rhodes | 790 | W A Allan | ||||
Timaru | James Craigie | Frank Rolleston | 288[14] | Percy Vinnell | |||
Waikato | Alexander Young | Frederick Lye | 44 | J T Johnson | |||
Waimarino | Robert William Smith | Frank Langstone | 887 | Robert William Smith | |||
Waipawa | George Hunter | 1,076 | John Joshua Langridge | ||||
Wairarapa | Alex McLeod | 698 | John Wiltshire Card | ||||
Waitemata | Alexander Harris | 1,271 | Frank Henry Burbush[20] | ||||
Wairau | Richard McCallum | William Girling | 186 | Richard McCallum | |||
Waitaki | John Bitchener | William Paul | |||||
Waitomo | William Thomas Jennings | John Rolleston | 25 | William Thomas Jennings | |||
Wakatipu | James Horn | 1,637 | J Ritchie | ||||
Wallace | Adam Hamilton | John Charles Thomson | 205 | Adam Hamilton | |||
Wanganui | Bill Veitch | 1,072 | John Coull | ||||
Wellington Central | Peter Fraser | 4,202 | William Bennett | ||||
Wellington North | John Luke | 375 | Harry Combs | ||||
Wellington East | Alfred Newman | Alec Monteith | 473 | Thomas Forsyth | |||
Wellington South | George Mitchell | Robert McKeen | 422 | George Mitchell | |||
Wellington Suburbs | Robert Wright | 291 | Alexander Croskery | ||||
Westland | Tom Seddon | James O'Brien | 487 | Tom Seddon | |||
Māori electorates | |||||||
Eastern Maori | Āpirana Ngata | 1,501 | Taranaki Kanara te Uamairangi | ||||
Northern Maori | Taurekareka Henare | 1,441 | Nau Parone Kawiti | ||||
Southern Maori | Henare Uru | 87 | Peter MacDonald | ||||
Western Maori | Māui Pōmare | 798 | Ngarangi Katitia |
By-elections during 21st Parliament
There were a number of changes during the term of the 21st Parliament.
Electorate and by-election | Date | Incumbent | Cause | Winner | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tauranga | 1923 | 28 March | William Herries | Death | Charles Macmillan | ||
Oamaru | 1923 | 1 May | John MacPherson | Election declared void[22] | John Macpherson | ||
Franklin | 1925 | 17 June | William Massey | Death | Ewen McLennan |
Notes
- ^ a b "General elections 1853–2005 - dates & turnout". Elections New Zealand. Archived from the original on 27 May 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2011.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 90.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 69.
- ^ "1890–1993 general elections | Elections". elections.nz. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, pp. 44–45.
- ^ Massey, William Ferguson - Biography
- ^ Gardner, William James. "Bell, Francis Henry Dillon 1851–1936". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 46.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, pp. 46–47.
- ^ Bassett 1982, p. 32-33.
- ^ The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. 1923. p. 2. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 83f.
- ^ Hislop 1923, pp. 1–6.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Official Counts". The Evening Post. Vol. CIV, no. 144. 15 December 1922. p. 8. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
- ^ "Awarua". Hawera & Normanby Star. Vol. XLII. 14 December 1922. p. 7. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
- ^ "Labour's Candidates". Maoriland Worker. Vol. 12, no. 299. 22 November 1922. p. 12. Retrieved 26 January 2014.
- ^ "Women Take Part". The Evening Post. Vol. CXX, no. 107. 1 November 1935. p. 14. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ^ Pugsley, Chris. "Russell, Andrew Hamilton". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 10 November 2013.
- ^ "The Official Count". Auckland Star. Vol. LIII, no. 295. 13 December 1922. p. 5. Retrieved 23 November 2013.
- ^ a b "Electoral". Auckland Star. Vol. LIII, no. 296. 14 December 1922. p. 16. Retrieved 5 December 2014.
- ^ "The Final Counts". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LIX, no. 18276. 18 December 1922. p. 6. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
- ^ "Result of Oamaru Petition". The Evening Post. 31 March 1923. p. 7. Retrieved 15 August 2011.
References
- Bassett, Michael (1982). Three Party Politics in New Zealand 1911–1931. Auckland: Historical Publications. ISBN 0-86870-006-1.
- Hislop, J. (1923). The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Scholefield (1950) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.