Bhoopali
- S R G R S D1 S R G
- S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S
- G R P G G R S R D1 S
- G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S
- S R G R S D1 S R G
- S R G R S D1 P1
- P1 D1 S R G R G
- S R P G
- G R S R G P
- G P D P D D S’
- P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’
- G’ R’ S’ D P G R S
- Bhup
- Bhup Kalyan
- Mohanam
- Major pentatonic scale
Hindustani classical music |
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Bhoopali, also known as Bhoop, Bhopali, or Bhupali, is a Hindustani classical raga. Bhupālī, is a raag in Kalyan Thaat. It is a pentatonic scale (uses 5 notes in ascending and descending scale).[1] Most of the songs in this raga are based on Bhakti rasa. Since it uses 5 notes, belongs to the "Audav jaati" of ragas.
The same raga in Carnatic music is known as Mohanam.
Raga Bhoopali, Raga Yaman, and Raga Bhairav tend to be the three basic ragas of Hindustani music, learned first by its students.[2]
Theory
Karhade (2011) explains that raga Bhopali consists of just 5 notes - सा रे ग प ध (sa, re, ga, pa and dha).[3]
It does not use Ma (also called Madhyam) and Ni (also called Nishadh).[3] It is said that the absence of Ni (representative of physical pleasure) and Ma (representative of loving) means this raga is about non-attachment.[4]
The Introduction consists of two parts – Aaroh आरोह (where the notes are simply recited on an ascending scale) and Avaroha (where the notes are simply recited on a descending order)[3]
Thereafter, with these same five notes, different combinations are made by the singer, similar to short phrases, also called "chalan".[3]
Aroha and avaroha
The scale of Bhopali uses only Shuddh swaras.
Vadi and samavadi
- Vadi
Gandhar – ga
Dhaivat – Dha
Alap
- S, D1 D1...S, R - - S...D1 S..., D1 - - - P1, S - - - D1 S - - D1 P1, P1 D1, D1 D1 S
[5]
Pakad and chalan
The Pakad (catchphrase that often helps in identifying a raga) is:
S R G R S D1 S R G
or:
S R G R S D1 S R G P G D P G R S
or:
G R P G G R S R D1 S
or:
G R S D1 S R G R P G D P G R S
or:
G R P G S R D1 S
Some chalans (elaborations of the pakad) are:
- S R G R S D1 S R G
- S R G R S D1 P1
- P1 D1 S R G R G
- S R P G
- G R S R G P
- G P D P D D S’
- P G P D P D S’ R’ G’ R’ G’
- G’ R’ S’ D P G R S
Note: Normally written swaras (individual notes) indicate the middle octave. A swara immediately followed by 1 indicates the mandra saptak (lower octave) and ' indicates the taar saptak (higher octave).
A few movements in Bhopali are important to note. There is typically a slide when descending between Sa and Dha, as well as between Pa and Ga. These slides parallel each other and can be used to create a symmetry about how the Swaras are developed. Also, many performers will bring out the Kalyan flavor of Bhopali by using abhasi of the notes Shuddha Ni and Tivra Ma. That is to say, these notes are only vaguely suggested in passing ornaments, not actually sung for long enough for the Swara to become a clear part of the Raga. Some examples would be:
(N1)D1 S
P(m)P(m) D P
where the notes in parentheses are connected by slides or sung as meend.
Bandish
This bandish is bound with Teentaal (16 beats).
1 2 3 4 | 5 6 7 8 | 9 10 11 12 | 13 14 15 16 |
D S D2 P | G2 R2 S R2 |
G2 _ G2 P | G2 R2 S _ |
S R2 G2 P | R2 G2 P D2 |
G2 P D2 P | G2 R2 S _ |
Antara:
G2 _ G2 G2 |P _ D2 P |
S' _ S' S' |D3 R3 S' _|
G3 G3 R3 S'|R3 R3 S' D3|
S' _ D2 P |G2 R2 S _|
The Asthayi starts with the 9th beat.
Organisation and relationships
Raga Bhoopali belongs to the Kalyan Thaat.
Related ragas: Deshkar (a pentatonic raga belonging to the Bilawal Thaat with the same scale as Bhoopali). Shuddha Kalyan is another similar raga.
Samay (Time)
First part of night. 7-9
Rasa
Bhakti Rasa (Devotional)
The essence from the raga evokes the Shanti Rasa – peaceful and calming.[5]
The Rasa can also be called Shanta Rasa
Film songs
Bhoopali is a popular raga used in Indian folk songs, and thus in Hindi and other regional film songs.[3]
- "Jyoti Kalash Chhalke" (Bhabhi Ki Chudiyan) (1961)
- "Pankh Hote To Udd Aati Re" (Sehra) (1963)
- "Main Jahaan Rahoon" (Namastey London) (2007)
- "Dil Hoom Hoom Kare" (Rudaali) (1993)
- "Sayonara Sayonara" (Love in Tokyo) (1966)
- "Dekha ek khwaab to yeh silsile hue" (Silsila) (1981)[6]
- "Aayat" (Bajirao Mastani) (2015)
- "Neel Gagan Ki Chaanv men" (Amrapali) (1966)
- "Ghanashyama Sundara" (Amar Bhoopali) (1951)
- "Dehaachi Tijori" (Aamhi Jato Amuchya Gava) (1951)
- "sujana kasā mana corī" (Sangeet Natak)
- "śarayū tīrāvarī ayodhyā" (Geet Ramayan)
- "Malgudi Days Theme Music"
- "Mohana Muraliya Naada Leelege"
- "Olave Jeevana Saakshaatkaara"
- "Bellane Belagayitu"
- "Aashaadha Maasa Bandeetavva"
- "Belliya Raja Baaro Kullara Raja Baa"
- "Uttunga Naadininda Ondu Hudugi (Folk)"
- "Nigi Ningee Ningi Ningee"
- "Hottito Hottitu Kannadada Deepa"
- "Udayavaagali Namma Cheluva Kannada Naadu"
- "Bayaside Ninnanu Bhaavada Melake"
- "Ellaadaru Iru, Entaadaru Iru"
- "Karunaalu Baa Belake"
- "Tungaa Teeradi Ninta Suyativara"
- "Teraa Yeri Ambaradaage"
- "Tunturu Alli Neera Haadu"
- "Sarasada Ee Prati Nimisha"
- "Amara Madhura Prema"
- "Malli Malli Minchulli"
- "Nanna Aase Hannaagi Nanna Baala Kannaade"
- "Innu Hattiraa Hattiraa Baruveya"
- "Radha Madhava Vinoda Haasa"
- "Yaava Janmada Maitri"
- "Kogile O Kogile"
- "Naliyutaa Hrudaya Haadanu Haadide"
- "Kogileye Kshemave"
- "Santasa Araluva Samaya"
- "Doni Sagali Munde Hogali"
- "Mudala Maneya Muttina Neerina"
- "Appaa I Love You Paa"
- "Jenina Holeyo Haalina Maleyo"
- "Naavaaduva Nudiye"
- "Om Karadi Kande"
- "Neela Megha Gaali Beesi"
- "Ee Hasiru Siriyali Manavu Mereyali"
- "Ee Sambhaashane"
- "Baanallu Neene Bhuviyallu Neene"
- "Yogi Manege Bandaa"
- "Mella Mellane Bandane"
- "Jayatu Jaya Viththala"
- "O Pandu Ranga Prabho Viththala"
- "Avatarisu Baa Narayana"
- "Pillangoviya"
Tamil movie songs in Mohanam
Song | Movie | Lyricist | Composer | Singer |
---|---|---|---|---|
Giridhara Gopala | Meera | S. V. Venkatraman | M. S. Subbulakshmi | |
Thillai Ambala Nadaraajaa | Soubhagyavathi | Pattukkottai Kalyanasundaram | Pendyala Nageswara Rao | T. M. Soundararajan |
Nilavum Malarum | Then Nilavu | Kannadasan | A. M. Rajah | A. M. Rajah, P. Susheela |
Aarumugamana Porul | Kandhan Karunai | K. V. Mahadevan | S. Janaki,Rajalakshmi | |
Om Namasivaya | Thiruvilaiyadal | Sirkazhi Govindarajan, P. Susheela | ||
Malargal Nanaindhana | Idhaya Kamalam | P. Susheela | ||
Velli Mani Oosaiyil | Iru Malargal | Vaali | M. S. Viswanathan | |
Chittukuruvikenna | Saavale Samali | Kannadasan | ||
Iraivan Varuvan | Shanthi Nilayam | |||
Yaumuna Nadhi Inge | Gowaravam | S. P. Balasubramaniam, P. Susheela | ||
Sangey Mozhangu | Kalangarai Vilakam | Bharathidasan | P. Susheela,Seerkazhi Govindarajan | |
Thanga Thoniyile | Ulagam Sutrum Vaaliban | Vaali | K. J. Yesudas, P. Susheela | |
Bansaye | T. M. Soundarajan, L. R. Easwari | |||
Kadaloram Vaangiya Kaatru | Rickshawkaaran | T. M. Soundarajan | ||
Vanda naal mudhal | Paavamannippu | Kannadasan | ||
Thiruchendoorin Kadalorathil Senthilnaathan | Dheivam | Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan | T. M. Soundararajan, Seerkazhi Govindarajan | |
Neelakkadalin Oratthil | Annai Velankanni | G. Devarajan | T. M. Soundararajan, P. Madhuri | |
Oru Kadhal Samrajyam | Nandha En Nila | V. Dakshinamoorthy | P. Jayachandran, T. K. Kala | |
Ninu Kori Varnam Isaithida | Agni Natchatram | Illayaraja | Chitra | |
Kanmaniye Kadhal Enbadhu | Aarilirunthu Arubathu Varai | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki | ||
Nilavu thoongum | Kungumachimizh | |||
Iru Paravaigal | Niram Maratha Pookal | Jency | ||
Meenkodi Theril | Karumbhu Vil | K.J. Yesudas, Jency Anthony | ||
Vaan Pole Vannam | Salangai Oli | Vairamuthu | S. P. Balasubhramaniam, S. P. Sailaja | |
Oru Thanga Rathathil | Dharma Yutham | Malaysia Vasudevan | ||
Kannan Oru kaikulanthai | Bhadrakali | KJ Yesudas,P Susheela | ||
Kaathirunthen Thaniye | Rasa Magan | Chandrasekar, Srilekha | ||
Sreeramane Unnai | Kangalin Vaarthaigal | K. S. Chithra, Illayaraja | ||
Oru Raagam | Anandha Ragam | Gangai Amaran | K. J. Yesudas, S. Janaki | |
Geetham Sangeetham | Kokarako | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam | ||
Poovil Vandu | Kaadhal Oviyam | Vairamuthu | ||
Ravi varman oviyamo | Puthu vayal | Aravinth | ||
Sivappu Lolaku | Kaadhal Kottai | Deva | ||
Vellarika | Krishnaraj | |||
Nepala Malaiyoram | Thaikulame Thaikulame | S. P. Balasubhramaniam,Swarnalatha | ||
Priya Priya | Kattabomman (film) | S. P. Balasubhramaniam,K.S.Chitra | ||
Thoonganakuruvi | Jallikattu kalai | |||
Kadhal Kaditham | Cheran Pandiyan | Soundaryan | S.A. Rajkumar, Swarnalatha | |
Boom Boom | Boys | Kabilan | A. R. Rahman | Adnan Sami,Sadhana Sargam |
Ennodu Nee Irundhaal | I | Sid Sriram, Sunitha Sarathy | ||
Porale Ponnuthayi | Karuthamma | Vairamuthu | Unni Menon, Sujatha Mohan, Swarnalatha(Pathos)(Won National Award) | |
Madrasai Suthi (Ragamalika:Mohanam,Punnagavarali) | May Maadham | Shahul Hameed, Swarnalatha, G. V. Prakash & Manorama | ||
Pakkada Pakkade | Gentleman | Minmini | ||
Varayo Thozhi | Jeans | Sonu Nigam, Harini | ||
Samba Samba | Love Birds | Aslam Mustafa | ||
Kannai Katti Kollathey | Iruvar | Hariharan | ||
Poi Solla Poren | Thiruttu Payale | Bharadwaj | KK, Kanmani | |
Oru Kathal Enpathu | Chinna Thambi Periya Thambi | Gangai Amaran | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, S. Janaki | |
Chinnapattam Poochi | Sugamana Sumaigal | Chandrabose | K. S. Chithra, Mano | |
Kaalai Neeye | Kaalaiyum Neeye Maalaiyum Neeye | Vaali | Devendran | S. Janaki |
Malaiya Kodainju Pathaya Amaichen | Pudhu Padagan | S. Thanu | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, K. S. Chithra | |
Unnai Ninachi | Avathara Purushan | Sirpy | ||
Mudhal Mudhalai | Varushamellam Vasantham | P. Unnikrishnan, Sujatha | ||
Pottu Mela Pottu | Janakiraman | S. P. Balasubrahmanyam, Anuradha Sriram | ||
Mainaave Mainaave | Thithikudhe | Vidyasagar | P. Unnikrishnan, Sadhana Sargam | |
Rosave Rosave | Ellaichami | Pulamaipithan | S. A. Rajkumar | Malaysia Vasudevan, K. S. Chithra |
Maname Thottal | Thottachinungi | Phillip Jerry | Hariharan, K. S. Chithra | |
Kadhalithal Anandham | Style | Bharani | ||
Uchi Mudhal | Sukran | Vijay Antony | Timmy, Gayathri | |
Engeyum Kadhal | Engeyum Kadhal | Thamarai | Harris Jayaraj | Aalap Raju, Devan Ekambaram, Ranina Reddy |
Song | Movie | Lyricist | Composer | singer(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Malini nadiyil | Sakunthala | Vayalar Ramavarma | G Devarajan | KJ Yesudas, P Suseela |
Manjalayil mungi thorthi | Kalithozhan | P Bhaskaran | G Devarajan | P Jayachandran |
Manjani Poonilaav | Nagarame Nandi | P Bhaskaran | K Raghavan | S Janaki |
Suprabhatham (neelagiriyude) | Panitheeratha Veedu | Vayalar Ramavarma | MS Viswanathan | P Jayachandran |
Chandrikayilaliyunnu | Bharyamar Sookshikkuka | Sreekumaran Thampi | V Dakshinamoorthy | KJ Yesudas, P Leela, AM Raja |
Pournami Chandrika | Rest House | Sreekumaran Thampi | MK Arjunan | KJ Yesudas |
Madhuchandrikayude | Anachadanam | Vayalar Ramavarma | G Devarajan | P Jayachandran |
Swargaputhri Navarathri | Nizhalattam | Vayalar Ramavarma | G Devarajan | KJ Yesudas |
Guruvayurambala Nadayil | Othenante makan | Vayalar Ramavarma | G Devarajan | KJ Yesudas |
Ezharapponnana purath | Akkarappacha | Vayalar Ramavarma | G Devarajan | P Madhuri |
Nin maniyarayile | CID Nazir | Sreekumaran Thampi | MK Arjunan | P Jayachandran |
Arivin Nilave | Rajashilpi | ONV Kurup | Raveendran | KS Chithra |
Etho nidrathan | Ayal Katha Ezhuthukayanu | Kaithapram | Raveendran | KJ Yesudas |
Maarikkuliril neela thulasi | Kouravar | Kaithapram | SP Venkitesh | KJ Yesudas, KS Chithra |
Chandanalepa Sugandham | Oru vadakkan veeragatha | K Jayakumar | Ravi Bombay | KJ Yesudas |
Aareyum Bhava gayakan aakkum | Nakhakshathangal | ONV Kurup | Ravi Bombay | KJ Yesudas |
Maayaponmane | Thalayanamanthram | Kaithapram | Johnson | KS Chithra |
Manje vaa madhuvidhu vela | Thusharam | Yousuf Ali Kechery | Shyam | KJ Yesudas, SP Balasubrahmaniam |
Thaara noopuram chaarthi | Sopanam | Kaithapram | SP Venkitesh | KJ Yesudas, Manju Menon |
Mouliyil mayilpeeli | Nandanam | Gireesh Puthenchery | Raveendran | KS Chithra |
Ponkasavu njoriyum | joker | Yousuf Ali Kechery | Mohan Sithara | P Jayachandran, KS Chithra |
Parvanendu mukhi | Parinayam | Yousuf Ali Kechery | Ravi Bombay | KS Chithra |
Kaliveedurangiyallo | Deshadanam | Kaithapram | Kaithapram | KJ Yesudas |
Aakasha neelima | Kayyum thalayum purathidaruth | Mullanezhi | Raveendran | KJ Yesudas |
Nee en sarga soundaryame | Kathodu kathoram | ONV kurupp | Ouseppachan | KJ Yesudas, Lathika |
See also
- Durga
- Shivaranjani
References
- ^ Menon, R.R. (1973). Discovering Indian Music. Somaiya Publications. p. 50. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
Some prefer the first Raga to be pentatonic in scale. Let us take for an example, the pentatonic Bhoopali. Its notes are: SA RI GA PA DHA SA up and down the scale.
- ^ Pathak Yajurvedi, Dr. Sarita. "Lecture – Raag Bhopali (Edusat)". www.youtube.com. Bharti College, University of Delhi. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Karhade, Aradhana. "Raag Bhopali (Uploaded 20 January 2011)". www.youtube.com. Karhade, A. Archived from the original on 4 October 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
- ^ Alain, Daniélou (2014). The Rāgas of Northern Indian music. Daniélou, Alain. (2014 ed.). New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal. ISBN 978-81-215-0225-2. OCLC 39028809.
- ^ a b Yagnik, Hasu (2013). Shastriya Raag Darshan. Gurjar Granthratna Karyalay. ISBN 978-81-8480-826-1.
- ^ "Songs based on Raaga Bhopali". www.soundofindia.com. Sound of India. Archived from the original on 6 November 2016. Retrieved 5 December 2016.
External links
- SRA on Samay and Ragas
- SRA on Ragas and Thaats
- Rajan Parrikar on Ragas