Gazu Hyakki Yagyō
Gazu Hyakki Yagyō (画図百鬼夜行, "The Illustrated Night Parade of a Hundred Demons" or The Illustrated Demon Horde's Night Parade) is the first book of Japanese artist Toriyama Sekien's famous Gazu Hyakki Yagyō e-hon tetralogy, published in 1776. A version of the tetralogy translated and annotated in English was published in 2016.[1] Although the title translates to "The Illustrated Night Parade of a Hundred Demons", it is based on an idiom, hyakki yagyō, that is akin to pandemonium in English and implies an uncountable horde.[2] The book is followed by Konjaku Gazu Zoku Hyakki, Konjaku Hyakki Shūi, and Gazu Hyakki Tsurezure Bukuro.
The book is a supernatural bestiary, a collection of ghosts, spirits, spooks and monsters from literature, folklore, and other artwork. The art of Gazu Hyakki Yagyō heavily references a 1737 scroll-painting called the Hyakkai Zukan by artist Sawaki Sūshi;[3] Sekien's innovation was preparing the illustrations as woodblock prints that could be mass-produced in a bound book format.[4] Intended as a parody of then-popular reference books such as the Wakan Sansai Zue, it ended up becoming a reference book in its own right, profoundly influencing subsequent yōkai imagery in Japan.[5] The book proved popular enough to be reprinted three times over the course of the Edo era by various book-sellers.[6] The book is compiled in three sub-volumes: Yin, Yang, and Wind. Yin features a foreword by poet Maki Tōei, while Wind ends with an afterword by Sekien.[7]
First Volume "Yin" – 陰
The first volume of Gazu Hyakki Yagyō, called "Yin", includes the following yōkai.
- Kodama (木魅)
Sekien's comments: (kami) are said to appear in ancient trees. (百年の樹には神ありてかたちをあらはすといふ。) - Tengu (天狗)
- Yamabiko (幽谷響)
- Yamawaro (山童)
- Yamauba (山姥)
- Inugami (犬神)
Sekien depicted it accompanied by a smaller creature called Shirachigo (白児). - Nekomata (猫股)
- Kappa (河童)
Sekien's comments: It is also called kawatarō. (川太郎ともいふ。) - Kawauso (獺) (River otter)
- Akaname (垢嘗)
-
- Kamaitachi (窮奇)
- Amikiri (網剪)
- Kitsunebi (狐火) (Fox-fire)
Second Volume "Yang" – 陽
The second volume of Gazu Hyakki Yagyō, called "Yang", includes the following yōkai.
- Jorōgumo (ja:絡新婦)
- Ten (鼬), (Marten)
- Sōgenbi (ja:叢原火)
Sekien's comments: It can be found in the west of Saiin outside the capital, near Mibudera temple. It is also called Sōgenbi of Suzaku. - Tsurubebi (ja:釣瓶火)
- Furaribi (ja:ふらり火)
-
- Kasha (ja:火車)
- Yanari (ja:鳴屋)
- Ubume (ja:産女)
- Umi zatō (ja:海座頭)
- Noderabō (ja:野寺坊)
- Takaonna (ja:高女)
- Tenome (ja:手の目)
- Tesso (ja:鉄鼠).
Sekien's comments: Raigō became a plague of rats, and went into the world. - Kurozuka (ja:黒塚)
- Rokurokubi (ja:ろくろ首)
- Sakabashira (ja:逆柱)
- Makuragaeshi (ja:枕返し)
- Yuki-onna (ja:雪女)
- Ikiryō (ja:生霊)
- Shiryō (ja:死霊)
- Yūrei (幽霊)
Third Volume "Wind" – 風
The third volume of Gazu Hyakki Yagyō, called "Wind", includes the following yōkai.
- Mikoshi (見越, ja:見越し入道)
- Shōkera (ja:しょうけら)
- Hyōsube (ja:ひょうすべ)
- Waira (ja:わいら)
- Otoroshi (ja:おとろし)
- Nuribotoke (ja:塗仏)
- Nure-onna (ja:濡れ女)
- Nurarihyon (ぬらりひょん)
- Gagoze (元興寺)
- Ouni (ja:苧うに)
- Aobōzu (青坊主)
- Akashita (赤舌)
- Nuppeppō (ぬっぺっぽう, ぬっぺふほふ)
- Ushi-oni (牛鬼)
- Uwan (うわん)
See also
References
- ^ Yoda, Hiroko; Alt, Matt (2016). Japandemonium Illustrated: The Yokai Encyclopedias of Toriyama Sekien. Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-80035-6.
- ^ Yoda, Hiroko; Alt, Matt (2016). Japandemonium Illustrated: The Yokai Encyclopedias of Toriyama Sekien. Dover Publications. p. vi. ISBN 978-0-486-80035-6.
- ^ Yoda, Hiroko; Alt, Matt (2016). Japandemonium Illustrated: The Yokai Encyclopedias of Toriyama Sekien. Dover Publications. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-486-80035-6.
- ^ Foster, Michael Dylan (2009). Pandemonium and Parade: Japanese Monsters and the Culture of Yokai. University of California Press. p. 56.
- ^ Yoda, Hiroko; Alt, Matt (2016). Japandemonium Illustrated: The Yokai Encyclopedias of Toriyama Sekien. Dover Publications. p. viii. ISBN 978-0-486-80035-6.
- ^ Yoda, Hiroko; Alt, Matt (2016). Japandemonium Illustrated: The Yokai Encyclopedias of Toriyama Sekien. Dover Publications. p. xiv. ISBN 978-0-486-80035-6.
- ^ Yoda, Hiroko; Alt, Matt (2016). Japandemonium Illustrated: The Yokai Encyclopedias of Toriyama Sekien. Dover Publications. pp. 3–5. ISBN 978-0-486-80035-6.
Bibliography
- Yoda, Hiroko (2017). Japandemonium Illustrated: The Yokai Encyclopedias of Toriyama Sekien. New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-80035-6.
- Toriyama, Sekien (July 2005). Toriyama Sekien Gazu Hyakki Yagyō Zen Gashū (in Japanese). Tokyo: Kadokawa Shoten Publishing Co., Ltd. pp. 10–65. ISBN 978-4-04-405101-3.
- "Hyakki Zufu Obake Iroha Sakuin". CSK Pavilion: Hyakki Yagyō. Retrieved 2007-04-22.
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