Great roundleaf bat
Great roundleaf bat | |
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Conservation status | |
![]() Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Chiroptera |
Family: | Hipposideridae |
Genus: | Hipposideros |
Species: | H. armiger |
Binomial name | |
Hipposideros armiger (Hodgson, 1835) | |
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Great roundleaf bat range |
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The great roundleaf bat, also known as the great Himalayan leaf-nosed bat (Hipposideros armiger) is a species of bat in the family Hipposideridae found in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and China. It gives birth to two young a year. It has been assessed as a least concern species by the IUCN. [1]
Taxonomy
There are four recognised subspecies of the bat. They are:
- H. a. armiger
- H. a. fujianensis
- H. a. terasensis
- H. a. traninhensis[2]
Description
The great roundleaf bat is similar in appearance to the closely related intermediate roundleaf bat (H. larvatus). However, the great roundleaf bat is larger and possesses four, not three, lateral accessory leaflets on each side of the main noseleaf. This bat has a forearm length up to 9.8 cm,[3] and weighs up to 60 g.[4] After an experiment published by Kathryn Knight,[5] in which they painted the accessory leaflets and the ears and videotaped them, it was concluded that when they clicked, the leaflets closed and their ears bent down. When listening to the clicking they opened their noseleaf and their ears.
Biology
Reproduction
It breeds once a year and gives birth to two young. Females have been found pregnant from January to early May, while the young were seen attached to their mothers from February to June.[1][2]
Diet
The bat is insectivorous, with its diet mainly being composed of beetles, butterflies and moths, flies, and Hymenoptera. It has been observed foraging in cleared woodland, gardens, between avenues of trees, and around street lights.[6][2]
Echolocation
The bat echolocates with a frequency of 65 — 75 kHz.
Parasitism
This species is a food source of the parasite Sinospelaeobdella, a jawed land leech.[7]
Habitat and distribution
This bat has been recorded throughout South and Southeast Asia.
It has been recorded in Northern and Northeastern India, along with Central, Eastern and Western Nepal in South Asia. It is found south of the Yangtze river in China, and has also been recorded on the islands of Hong Kong and Taiwan. In Southeast Asia, it has been recorded in Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and Malaysia. It has been recorded at elevations of 100-2031 meters above sea level.
It is a low-flying species. In South Asia, the species is a high altitude species that is found in montane and bamboo forests. It has been recorded roosting alone, as well as in small colonies of several bats, sharing its roosting space in caves, lofts of houses, verandahs of old houses, and old temples with bats of other species.
In China, the species is found in a variety of habitats. They are known to roost in caves and a variety of man-made structures in colonies of hundreds of bats that are shared with Rhinolopus bats.
In Southeast Asia, the bat roosts in caves, but is known to forage in areas far from its roosts.[1]
Conservation
The species is common throughout its range, and has a large population. It has been assessed as a least concern species by the IUCN. Localized threats to the species include deforestation, agriculture, mining, and roost disturbance in South Asia, and roost disturbance and subsistence hunting in Laos, Vietnam, and Thailand. The species occur in several protected areas across its range.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d e Bates, P.J.J.; Bumrungsri, S.; Francis, C.; Csorba, G.; Oo, S.S.L. (2020). "Hipposideros armiger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10110A22097743. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T10110A22097743.en. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
- ^ a b c "Hipposideros armiger (Hodgson, 1835)". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
- ^ "Great Roundleaf Bat - Hipposideros armiger". www.ecologyasia.com. Retrieved 2018-11-26.
- ^ Wang, Yao; Zhu, Tengteng; Ke, Shanshan; Fang, Na; Irwin, David M.; Lei, Ming; Zhang, Junpeng; Shi, Huizhen; Zhang, Shuyi (2014-11-13). "The Great Roundleaf Bat (Hipposideros armiger) as a Good Model for Cold-Induced Browning of Intra-Abdominal White Adipose Tissue". PLOS ONE. 9 (11): e112495. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...9k2495W. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0112495. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4231071. PMID 25393240.
- ^ Knight, Kathryn (2019). "Great roundleaf bats coordinate noseleaf and ear gyrations". The Journal of Experimental Biology. 222 (18): jeb213686. doi:10.1242/jeb.213686. S2CID 204143903.
- ^ "Hipposideros armiger". www.bio.bris.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-04-23.
- ^ Huang, Taifu; Liu, Zhiwei; Gong, Xiaoyan; Wu, Tao; Liu, Hui; Deng, Jiaxin; Zhang, Youxiang; Peng, Qingzhong; Zhang, Libiao; Liu, Zhixiao (2019-02-25). "Vampire in the darkness: a new genus and species of land leech exclusively bloodsucking cave-dwelling bats from China (Hirudinda: Arhynchobdellida: Haemadipsidae)". Zootaxa. 4560 (2): zootaxa.4560.2.2. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4560.2.2. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 31716579.
- v
- t
- e
- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Mammalia
- Infraclass: Eutheria
- Superorder: Laurasiatheria
- Order: Chiroptera
- Flower-faced bat (A. ornatus)
- A. arabica
- A. italosomalica
- Patrizi's trident leaf-nosed bat (A. patrizii)
- Trident bat (A. tridens)
(Tate's trident-
nosed bats)
- Stoliczka's trident bat (A. stoliczkanus)
- Temminck's trident bat (A. tricuspidatus)
- Dong Bac's trident bat (A. dongbacana)
- East Asian tailless leaf-nosed bat (C. frithii)
- Malayan tailless leaf-nosed bat (C. robinsoni)
(roundleaf bats)
- Aba roundleaf bat (H. abae)
- H. alongensis
- Great roundleaf bat (H. armiger)
- Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat (H. ater)
- H. atrox
- Benito roundleaf bat (H. beatus)
- Bicolored roundleaf bat (H. bicolor)
- Boeadi's roundleaf bat (H. boeadii)
- Short-headed roundleaf bat (H. breviceps)
- Sundevall's roundleaf bat (H. caffer)
- Spurred roundleaf bat (H. calcaratus)
- Greater roundleaf bat (H. camerunensis)
- Fawn leaf-nosed bat (H. cervinus)
- Ashy roundleaf bat (H. cineraceus)
- Commerson's roundleaf bat (H. commersoni)
- Large Mindanao roundleaf bat (H. coronatus)
- Telefomin roundleaf bat (H. corynophyllus)
- Cox's roundleaf bat (H. coxi)
- Timor roundleaf bat (H. crumeniferus)
- Short-tailed roundleaf bat (H. curtus)
- Cyclops roundleaf bat (H. cyclops)
- Makira roundleaf bat (H. demissus)
- Diadem leaf-nosed bat (H. diadema)
- Fierce roundleaf bat (H. dinops)
- Borneo roundleaf bat (H. doriae)
- Khajuria's leaf-nosed bat (H. durgadasi)
- Dayak roundleaf bat (H. dyacorum)
- Hill's roundleaf bat (H. edwardshilli)
- H. einnaythu
- Sooty roundleaf bat (H. fuliginosus)
- Fulvus roundleaf bat (H. fulvus)
- Cantor's roundleaf bat (H. galeritus)
- H. gentilis
- Giant roundleaf bat (H. gigas)
- Grand roundleaf bat (H. grandis)
- H. griffini
- Thailand roundleaf bat (H. halophyllus)
- Kolar Leaf-nosed Bat (H. hypophyllus)
- Crested roundleaf bat (H. inexpectatus)
- Arnhem leaf-nosed bat (H. inornatus)
- Jones's roundleaf bat (H. jonesi)
- Phou Khao Khouay leaf-nosed bat (H. khaokhouayensis)
- Khasian Leaf-nosed Bat (H. khasiana)
- H. kingstonae
- H. kunsi
- Lamotte's roundleaf bat (H. lamottei)
- Indian roundleaf bat (H. lankadiva)
- Intermediate roundleaf bat (H. larvatus)
- Large Asian roundleaf bat (H. lekaguli)
- Shield-faced roundleaf bat (H. lylei)
- Big-eared roundleaf bat (H. macrobullatus)
- Maduran leaf-nosed bat (H. madurae)
- Maggie Taylor's roundleaf bat (H. maggietaylorae)
- Aellen's roundleaf bat (H. marisae)
- Ethiopian large-eared roundleaf bat (H. megalotis)
- Fly River roundleaf bat (H. muscinus)
- Malayan roundleaf bat (H. nequam)
- H. nicobarulae
- Philippine Forest roundleaf bat (H. obscurus)
- Orbiculus leaf-nosed bat (H. orbiculus)
- Biak roundleaf bat (H. papua)
- Peleng leaf-nosed bat (H. pelingensis)
- H. pendleburyi
- Pomona roundleaf bat (H. pomona)
- Pratt's roundleaf bat (H. pratti)
- Philippine pygmy roundleaf bat (H. pygmaeus)
- Ridley's leaf-nosed bat (H. ridleyi)
- Laotian leaf-nosed bat (H. rotalis)
- Noack's roundleaf bat (H. ruber)
- H. scutinares
- Semon's leaf-nosed bat (H. semoni)
- Sorensen's leaf-nosed bat (H. sorenseni)
- Schneider's leaf-nosed bat (H. speoris)
- Northern leaf-nosed bat (H. stenotis)
- Sumban leaf-nosed bat (H. sumbae)
- H. tephrus
- Saõ Tomé leaf-nosed bat (H. thomensis)
- Lesser great Leaf-nosed Bat (H. turpis)
- Striped leaf-nosed bat (H. vittatus)
- Wollaston's roundleaf bat (H. wollastoni)