Peltephilus

Peltephilus Temporal range: Oligocene-Mid Miocene (Deseadan-Mayoan) ~29.0–11.6 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Interpretation of P. ferox
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Cingulata
Family:	†Peltephilidae
Genus:	†Peltephilus Ameghino 1887
Type species
†Peltephilus ferox Ameghino 1887
Species
P. depressus Ameghino 1897 P. ferox Ameghino 1891 (type) P. giganteus Ameghino 1894 P. granosus Ameghino 1902 P. protervus Ameghino 1897 P. pumilus Ameghino 1887 P. strepens Ameghino 1887 P. undulatus Ameghino 1897

Peltephilus, the horned armadillo, is an extinct genus of armadillo xenarthran mammals that first inhabited Argentina during the Oligocene epoch, and became extinct in the Miocene epoch. Notably, the scutes on its head were so developed that they formed horns. Aside from the horned gophers of North America, it is the only known fossorial horned mammal.^[1] P. ferox had skull about 11.7 centimetres (4.6 in),^[2] and estimated body mass is around 11.07 kilograms (24.4 lb).^[3]

Although it had traditionally been perceived as a carnivore because of its large, triangular-shaped teeth, Vizcaino and Farina argued in 1997 that Peltephilus was a herbivore.^[4]

The genus was originally classified as belonging to the family Chlamyphoridae, but in 2007 was placed in its own family Peltephilidae by Darin A. Croft, John J. Flynn and Andre Wyss.^[5]

Fossils of Peltephilus have been found in:^[6]

Deseadan

• Argentina – Sarmiento Formation
• Bolivia – Salla Formation^[7]

Miocene

• Argentina – Colloncuran Collón Curá Formation and Santacrucian Santa Cruz Formation^[8]
• Bolivia – Colloncuran Nazareno Formation
• Chile – Santacrucian Chucal Formation^[5]

• Croft, Darin A.; Flynn, John J.; Wyss, André R. (2007). "A new basal Glyptodontid and other Xenarthra of the Early Miocene Chucal Fauna, northern Chile". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 21 (4): 781–797. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[781:ANBGAO]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 85892530. Retrieved 2017-08-15.
• González Ruiz, Laureano Raúl; Góis, Flavio; Ciancio, Martín Ricardo; Scillato Yané, Gustavo Juan (2013). "Los Peltephilidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra) de la Formación Collón Curá (Colloncurense, Mioceno Medio), Argentina" (PDF). Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 16 (2): 319–330. doi:10.4072/rbp.2013.2.12. Retrieved 2019-02-27.
• Shockey, Bruce J (2017). "New early diverging cingulate (Xenarthra: Peltephilidae) from the Late Oligocene of Bolivia and considerations regarding the origin of crown Xenarthra". Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History. 58 (2): 371–396. Retrieved 2019-02-12.

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Genera of armadillos and their extinct allies

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata
• Class: Mammalia
• Superorder: Xenarthra

Cingulata
† Noatherium † Saltatherium †Peltephilidae Anantiosodon Epipeltephilus Parapeltecoelus Peltecoelus Peltephilus Ronwolffia †Pachyarmatheriidae Neoglyptatelus Pachyarmatherium †Pampatheriidae Holmesina Kraglievichia Machlydotherium? Pampatherium Plaina Scirrotherium Tonnicinctus Vassallia Yuruatherium Dasypodidae †Acantharodeia †Amblytatus †Archaeutatus †Barrancatatus †Chasicotatus †Chorobates †Coelutatus †Eocoleophorus †Epipeltecoelus †Eutatus †Hemiutaetus †Isutaetus †Lumbreratherium †Macrochorobates †Mazzoniphractus †Meteutatus †Prodasypus †Prostegotherium †Pucatherium †Punatherium †Stenotatus †Utaetus Dasypodinae †Stegotherium †Astegotheriini Astegotherium Nanoastegotherium Parastegosimpsonia Riostegotherium Stegosimpsonia Dasypodini †Anadasypus Dasypus †Pliodasypus †Propraopus Chlamyphoridae †Proeutatus Chlamyphorinae Calyptophractus †Chlamydophractus Chlamyphorus Euphractinae Chaetophractus †Doellotatus Euphractus †Macroeuphractus †Paleurphractus †Proeuphractus †Prozaedyus Zaedyus †Glyptodontinae Andinoglyptodon Asterostemma Boreostemma Castellanosia Clypeotherium Cochlops Comaphorus Coscinocercus Daedicuroides Doedicurus Eleutherocercus Eosclerocalyptus Eucinepeltus Glyptatelus Glyptodon Glyptodontidium Glyptostracon Glyptotherium Heteroglyptodon Hoplophorus Kelenkura Lomaphorus Metopotoxus Neosclerocalyptus Neothoracophorus Neuryurus Palaehoplophorus Palaeopeltis Panochthus Paraglyptodon Parapropalaehoplophorus Phlyctaenopyga Plaxhaplous Plohophorus Prodaedicurus Propalaehoplophorus Protoglyptodon Pseudoneothoracophorus Stromaphorus Stromatherium Trachycalyptus Urotherium Xiphuroides Tolypeutinae Cabassous †Kuntinaru †Pedrolypeutes Priodontes Tolypeutes †Vetelia