The Dead Man (Manet)
The Dead Man | |
---|---|
Artist | Édouard Manet |
Year | 1864/1865 |
Medium | oil on canvas |
Dimensions | 75.9 cm × 153.3 cm (29.9 in × 60.4 in) |
Location | National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C. |
The Dead Man (L'Homme mort; originally entitled The Dead Toreador or Le Torero mort) is an 1860s oil on canvas painting by Édouard Manet, produced during a period in which Manet was strongly influenced by Spanish themes and painters such as Diego Velázquez, Francisco de Goya and bullfighting.[1]
On 14 September 1865, Manet wrote to Baudelaire:
One of the most beautiful, most curious and most terrible spectacles one can see is a bull hunt. On my return, I hope to put on canvas the brilliant, flickering and at the same time dramatic appearance of the corrida I attended.[2]
Among his other his paintings on the theme are The Matador Saluting[3] and The Bullfight.[1]
The work was originally part of a larger composition entitled Episode from a Bullfight, directly influenced by Goya's La Tauromaquia and Alfred Dehodencq's Bullfights.[4]
The canvas was accepted for the 1864 Salon, where many critics identified A Dead Soldier as one of the main inspirations for the figure that became The Dead Man. This was possibly by a Neapolitan artist but attributed to Diego Velázquez and was then in the Hermann Alexander de Pourtalès' collection, later being acquired by the National Gallery, London.[5] In his complete account of the 1864 Paris Salon, Théophile Thoré-Burger even asserted that "the figure of the dead toreador is boldly copied after a masterpiece from the Pourtalès gallery, painted by Vélasquez".[6][7] He also insinuated that Manet had directly copied that work, a comment strongly refuted by Baudelaire.[8][9]
A very large photograph of Dead Soldier had been published by Goupil in 1863 and some even theorised that Manet had seen the original before painting Episode in a Bullfight.[10] Critics also identified as influences Jean-Léon Gérôme's Dead Caesar or even an illustration from the novel Histoire de Gil Blas de Santillane by Jean Gigoux.[8] The main influence, however, was probably Vélasquez, an influence also to be seen in Manet's The Execution of Emperor Maximilian. The critics also mocked Episode's lack of relief, the poor proportions of its figures and the unreal space. Stung by this criticism, Manet cut the canvas up.[4][6] He kept two parts of the original work — The Dead Man is one of them, though it was subject to a major reworking by Manet after he cut it from the original work, turning it into a powerful independent work. To give it a more universal character he also renamed it to its present name ready for its display at the 1867 Salon.[11] The other part Manet saved is now titled La Corrida — Manet's signature was added to it after his death.
In popular culture
The painting is featured on the cover of Minneapolis New Wave band The Suburbs' 1984 album Love Is the Law.[12]
See also
References
- ^ a b (Cachin, Moffett & Wilson-Bareau 1983, p. 237)
- ^ (Tabarant 1947, p. 373)
- ^ (Cachin, Moffett & Wilson-Bareau 1983, p. 240)
- ^ a b (Cachin, Moffett & Wilson-Bareau 1983, p. 195)
- ^ "Italian School, A Dead Soldier, 17th century".
- ^ a b (Cachin, Moffett & Wilson-Bareau 1983, p. 196)
- ^ (Thoré-Burger & Bürger 1870, p. 98)
- ^ a b (Cachin, Moffett & Wilson-Bareau 1983, p. 197)
- ^ (Pichois & Ziegler 1973, p. 386)
- ^ Coffin Hanson 1977, pp. 81–84
- ^ (Cachin, Moffett & Wilson-Bareau 1983, p. 198)
- ^ "New Faces To Watch: The Suburbs" (PDF). Cashbox. 1983-11-26. Retrieved 2022-12-29.
Bibliography
- Coffin Hanson, Anne (1977). Manet and the Modern Tradition. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300024924.
- Reff, Theodore (2005). Manet's Incident in a Bullfight. The Council of The Frick Collection Lecture Series. New York. ISBN 0-912114-28-2.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Cachin, Françoise; Moffett, Charles S.; Wilson-Bareau, Juliet (1983). Manet 1832-1883 (in French). Paris: Réunion des Musées Nationaux. ISBN 2711802302.
- Tabarant, Adolphe (1947). Manet et ses œuvres (in French). Paris: Gallimard.
- Thoré-Burger, Théophile; Bürger, William (1870). Salons de William Bürger, 1861-1868, avec une préface par Théophile Thoré (in French). Vol. 2, t. II. Paris: Jules Renouard.
- Pichois, Claude; Ziegler, Jean (1973). Baudelaire, correspondance (in French). Vol. 2, t. II. Paris: Gallimard.
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- List of paintings
- The Barque of Dante (1854–1858)
- Christ the Gardener (1856–1859)
- The Absinthe Drinker (1859)
- Spanish Cavaliers (1859)
- Portrait of Madame Brunet (1860)
- Portrait of Monsieur and Madame Manet (1860)
- The Spanish Singer (1860)
- Boy Carrying a Sword (1861)
- La Nymphe surprise (1861)
- The Street Singer (1862)
- Music in the Tuileries (1862)
- The Old Musician (1862)
- Portrait of Victorine Meurent (1862)
- Mademoiselle V. in the Costume of an Espada (1862)
- Little Lange (1862)
- The Luncheon on the Grass (1863)
- La Négresse (1863)
- Olympia (1863)
- Young Man Dressed as a Majo (1863)
- The Dead Man (1864))
- The Bullfight (1864–65)
- The Dead Christ with Angels (1864)
- The Kearsarge at Boulogne (1864)
- The Battle of the Kearsarge and the Alabama (1864)
- The Races at Longchamp (1865)
- Jesus Insulted by the Soldiers (1865)
- Bullfight (1865–66)
- Bullfight – Death of the Bull (1865)
- The Matador Saluting (1866)
- The Fifer (1866)
- A Young Lady in 1866 (1866)
- The Execution of Emperor Maximilian (1867)
- Portrait of Emile Zola (1868)
- Boy Blowing Bubbles (1868)
- Madame Manet at the Piano (1867–68)
- The Balcony (1868)
- Luncheon in the Studio (1868)
- The Reading (1868)
- The Port of Boulogne by Moonlight (1868)
- Departure of the Folkestone Steamer (1869)
- The Brioche (1870)
- Repose (1870)
- The Funeral (1870)
- Effect of Snow on Petit-Montrouge (1870)
- Berthe Morisot with a Bouquet of Violets (1872)
- Tarring a Boat (1873)
- The Railway (1873)
- The Croquet Game (1873)
- Masked Ball at the Opera House (1873)
- Argenteuil (1874)
- Berthe Morisot with a Fan (1874)
- Claude Monet Painting in his Studio (1874)
- Boating (1874)
- Portrait of Marguerite de Conflans (c. 1876)
- Portrait of Stéphane Mallarmé (1876)
- Le Suicidé (1877–1881)
- Nana (1877)
- Plum Brandy (c. 1877)
- The Rue Mosnier Dressed with Flags (1878)
- Blonde Woman with Bare Breasts (c. 1878)
- Chez Tortoni (c. 1878–1880)
- Georges Clemenceau (Fort Worth) (1879)
- Georges Clemenceau (Paris) (1879)
- Chez le Père Lathuille (1879)
- Portrait of Marguerite Gauthier-Lathuille (1879)
- In the Conservatory (1879)
- Madame Manet in the Conservatory (1879)
- The Waitress (1879)
- Corner of a Café-Concert (1879)
- The Café-Concert (1879)
- Self-Portrait with Palette (1879)
- A Bundle of Asparagus (1880)
- A Sprig of Asparagus (1880)
- Portrait of Countess Albazzi (1880)
- Portrait of Monsieur Pertuiset the Lion-Hunter (1881)
- Dead Eagle Owl (1881)
- The Rabbit (1881)
- Rochefort's Escape (1881)
- Spring (1881)
- Autumn (1882)
- A Bar at the Folies-Bergère (1882)
- The House at Rueil (1882)
- Flowers in a Crystal Vase (1882)
- White Lilacs in a Glass Vase (1882)
- A Studio at Les Batignolles (1870 painting)
- Bazille's Studio (1870 painting)
- The Impressionists (2006 series)