Timeline of Eastern philosophers

Timeline of Eastern | Western philosophers

This is a wide-ranging chronological list of philosophers from the Eastern traditions of philosophy, with special interest in Indo-Chinese philosophy. The list stops at the year 1950, after which philosophers fall into the category of contemporary philosophy.

• Guan Zhong (died in 645 BCE)
• Confucius (traditionally 551–479 BCE) — founder of Confucianism
• Sun Tzu (c. 544–c. 496 BCE) — military philosopher
• Laozi (probably 6th century BCE) — founder of Taoism

• Mozi (c. 470–c. 390 BCE) — political and religious philosopher
• Liezi (c. 440–c. 360 BCE)
• Gaozi (c. 420 BCE)
• Mencius (most accepted dates: 372–289 BCE; other possible dates: 385–303 BCE or 302 BCE) — political philosopher, social contract
• Xu Xing (c. 315 BCE)
• Gongsun Longzi (fl. 300 BCE) — School of Names
• Hui Shi (4th century BCE)—School of Names
• Shang Yang (died 338 BCE) — Legalist bureaucrat
• Shen Buhai (died 337 BCE) — Legalist bureaucrat
• Shen Dao (c. 350–275 BCE)
• Song Xing (360–290 BCE)
• Yang Zhu (370–319 BCE)— Usually classified as a Hedonist
• Zhuang Zhou (Zhuangzi, c. 4th century BCE) — major Taoist philosopher
• Xunzi (c. 310–237 BCE) — Confucianist, pessimistic about human nature
• Zou Yan (305?–240? BCE)— School of Naturalists, Yin-Yang, Five Elements
• Han Feizi (died 233 BCE) — totalistic legalism
• Lü Buwei (290–235 BCE)

• Jia Yi (201–169 BCE)
• Dong Zhongshu (c. 176–c. 104 BCE)
• Liu An (179–122 BCE)
• Wang Chong (27–97 CE)
• Yang Xiong (53 BCE–18 CE)
• Zheng Xuan (127–200 CE)
• He Yan (190–249 CE)

• Ruan Ji (210–263)
• Ji Kang (223–262)
• Wang Bi (226–249) — commentator on the Tao Te Ching and the I Ching
• Pei Wei (267–300)
• Guo Xiang (died 312)
• Zhi Dun (314–366)
• Lushan Huiyuan (334–416)
• Sengzhao (384–414)
• Ge Hong (4th century)
• Tan-luan (476–542)
• Dazu Huike (487–593)
• Nanyue Huisi (515-577)
• Zhiyi (538–597)
• Jizang (549–623)
• Dushun (557–640)
• Dayi Daoxin (580–651)
• Hong Ren (601–674)
• Xuanzang (602–664)
• Yuquan Shenxiu (606–706)
• Shandao (613–681)
• Cheng Xuanying (631–655)
• Huineng (638–713)
• Fazang (643–712)
• Shenhui (684–758)
• Shitou Xiqian (700–790)
• Mazu Daoyi (709–788)
• Baizhang Huaihai (720–814)
• Li Ao (722–841)
• Qingliang Chengguan (738–839)
• Han Yu (768–824)
• Zhaozhou Congshen (778–897)
• Zongmi (780–841)
• Huangbo Xiyun (?–850)
• Linji Yixuan (died 866)
• Yunmen Wenyan (864 – 949)

• Xuedou Chongxian (980–1052)
• Fan Zhongyan (989–1052)
• Hu Yuan (993–1059) — revived Confucianism
• Shao Yung (1011–1077)
• Zhou Dunyi (1017–1073)
• Chang Tsai (1020–1077)
• Cheng Hao (1032–1085) — established the Confucian "School of Mind"
• Cheng Yi (1033–1107)
• Yuanwu Keqin (1063–1135)
• Dahui Zonggao (1089–1163)
• Hu Hong (1105-1161)
• Zhu Xi (1130–1200) — thinker of the Confucianist "School of Principle"
• Lu Jiuyuan (1139–1193)
• Wumen Huikai (1183–1260)

• Chen Xianzhang (1428–1500)
• Wang Yangming (1472–1529)
• Wang Gen (1483-1541)
• He Xinyin (1517-1579)
• Li Zhi (1527–1602)
• Jiao Hong (1540–1620)
• Liu Tsung-chou (1578–1645)
• Huang Zongxi (1610–1695)
• Wang Fuzhi (1619–1692)
• Yen Yuan (1635–1704)
• Li Gong (1659–1733)
• Dai Zhen (1724–1777)
• Zhang Xuecheng (1738–1801)
• Yu Zhengxie (1775–1840) — prominent scholar and male feminist, philosopher, philologist, astrologer
• Kang Youwei (1858–1927)
• Tan Sitong (1864–1898)
• Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925)
• Liang Qichao (1873–1929)
• He Zhen (1884–1920)

• Ch'ien Mu (1895–1990)
• Thomé H. Fang (1899–1976)
• Feng Youlan (1895–1990)
• Xiong Shili (1885–1968)
• Xu Fuguan (1903–1982)
• Hu Shih (1891–1962)
• Liang Shuming (1893–1988)
• Zhang Dongsun (1886–1973)
• Liu Shaoqi (1898–1969)
• Mao Zedong (1893–1976)
• Mou Tsung-san (1909–1995)
• T'ang Chun-i (1909–1978)
• Hao Wang (1921–1995)

• Vasishtha
• Atri
• Vishvamitra
• Agastya
• Gautama Maharishi
• Jamadagni
• Bharadwaja
• Dirghatamas, famous for his monistic views
• Lopamudra, the earliest female philosopher

• Parshvanatha (between 872 and 772 BCE) is the earliest Jain tirthankara who is generally acknowledged as a historical figure.
• Aruni (between 750 and 650 BCE) credited with laying the foundation of Indian atomism
• Yajnavalkya (between 700 and 600 BCE) credited for coining Advaita (non-dual, monism), an important tradition within Hinduism
• Makkhali Gosala (between 600 and 500 BCE) – founder Ājīvika philosophy
• Pāṇini (between 600 and 500 BCE) – made contributions to Philosophy of language and Sanskrit grammar
• Siddhartha Gautama (c. 563–483 BCE) – founder of Buddhism
• Mahākāśyapa – Most Venerable Mahā Kāshyapa Maha Thero
• Bṛhaspati – Founder of Cārvāka philosophy
• Mahavira (599–527 BCE) – heavily influenced Jainism, the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism
• Badarayana (lived between 500 BCE and 400 BCE) – Author of Brahma Sutras
• Kapila (c. 500 BCE) founder of Sankhya philosophy

• Shvetashvatara – Author of earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism
• Chanakya (c. 350–275 BCE) – A pioneer in the field of economics and political science
• Jaimini (c. 300–200 BCE) – Author of Purva Mimamsa Sutras
• Aksapada Gautama (c. 2nd century BCE) – founder of Nyaya philosophy
• Kanada – founder of Vaisheshika
• Pingala – Renowned for his work on Combinatorics and Sanskrit prosody

• Patanjali – Author of Yoga Sutra and a commentary on Panini
• Thiruvalluvar (c. 1st century BCE–2nd century CE), best known for authoring the Tirukkuṛaḷ, a collection of couplets on ethics

• Nagarjuna (c. 150–250) – founder of Madhyamaka Buddhism
• Kundakunda (c. 2nd century), exponent of Jain mysticism and Jain nayas
• Umāsvāti or Umasvami (c. 2nd century), author of first Jain work in Sanskrit Tattvārthasūtra

• Vasubandhu (c. 4th century) – one of the main founders of the Yogacara school
• Asanga (c. 4th century) – one of the main founders of the Yogacara school
• Bodhidharma (c. 440–528) – founder of Zen Buddhism
• Vatsyayana (c. 450–500) – author of commentary on Nyāya Sūtras and Kama Sutra
• Bhartrhari (450–510) – contributed to linguistic theory
• Buddhaghosa (c. 5th century)
• Siddhasena Divākara (c. 5th century) – Jain logician and author of important works in Sanskrit and Prakrit
• Dignāga (c. 5th century) – one of the Buddhist founders of Indian logic
• Bhāviveka (c. 6th century) – founder of the Svātantrika tradition of Mādhyamaka
• Śīlabhadra (c. 529–645) He is best known as being an abbot of Nālandā monastery in India, as being an expert on Yogācāra teachings, and for being the personal tutor of the Chinese Buddhist monk Xuanzang.
• Udyotakara Udyotakara(c. 6th–7th century) – Nyaya Philosopher

• Candrakirti (born c. 600) – Madhyamaka Buddhist
• Kumārila Bhaṭṭa (c. 7th century) – Mimansa Philosopher
• Udyanacharya (c. 7th century) – Nyaya Philosopher
• Prabhākara (c. 7th century) – Grammarian and Mimansa Philosopher
• Dharmakirti (c. 7th century)
• Gaudapadacharya (c. 7th century) – Advaita Philosopher
• Śāntideva (c. 7th-8th century) – Mahāyāna Buddhist
• Adi Shankara (c. 788–820) – Advaita Vedanta school
• Anandavardhana (c. 820–890) – Philosopher of Aesthetics
• Vasugupta (860–925) – Author of Shiva Sutras
• Vācaspati Miśra (c. 9th century) – Nyaya Philosopher
• Jayanta Bhatta (c. 9th century) – Nyaya Philosopher

• Abhinavagupta (c. 975–1025)
• Atiśa (c. 980–1054) He was one of the major figures in the spread of Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhism in Asia and inspired Buddhist thought from Tibet to Sumatra
• Udayana (c. 10th century) he was a very important Hindu logician who attempted to reconcile the views held by the two major schools of logic (Nyaya and Vaisheshika).
• Ramanuja (c. 1017–1137) – founder of Vishishtadvaita or Qualified Non-dualism

• Gorakshanath (11th- to 12th-centuries)
• Basaveshwara (1134–1196) – founder of Lingayatism
• Shri Madhvacharya (1238–1317)
• Gangeśa Upādhyāya (c. 13th century)
• Nimbarka (c. 13th century)
• Mādhava Vidyāranya (c. 1268–1386)
• Kabir (1440–1518)
• Vyasatirtha (c. 1460–1539)
• Raghunatha Siromani (c. 1477–1547) — founder of Navya Nyāya philosophy
• Vallabhacharya (c. 1479–1531)
• Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (c. 1486–1534)
• Ravidas (1450–1520)

• Mirabai (1498–1557) Bhakti saint & devotee of Krishna
• Nanak (c. 1469–1539) – Bhakti Philosopher, Founder of Sikhism
• Bhai gurdas :foundation sikh philosophy ,Indian six school interpretation
• Madhusūdana Sarasvatī (c. 1540–1640)
• Vijñānabhikṣu (c. 1550–1600) – synthesized Vedānta, Sāṃkhya, and Yoga into avibhagādvaita ("indistinguishable non-dualism")
• Gadadhara Bhattacharya (17th century) – Nyaya philosopher

• Devendranath Tagore (1817–1905)
• Dayananda Saraswati (1824–1883) founder of arya samaj
• Sai Baba (1835–1918)
• Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (1836–1886)
• Swami Vivekananda (1863–1902)
• Krishna Chandra Bhattacharya (1875–1949) Phenomenology
• Narayana Guru (1856–1928)
• Rabindranath Tagore (1861–1941)
• Brajendranath Seal (1864–1938)
• Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948)
• Sri Aurobindo (1872–1950)
• Allama Iqbal (1877–1938)
• Ramana Maharshi (1879–1950)
• Nigamananda (1880–1935)
• Gopinath Kaviraj (1887–1976)
• Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888–1975)
• Nolini Kanta Gupta (1889–1983)
• Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891–1956)
• Jiddu Krishnamurti (1895–1986)
• A. C. Bhaktivedanta (1896–1977) — founder/acharya of ISKCON (Hare Krishna movement)
• Nisargadatta Maharaj (1897–1981)
• Haridas Chaudhuri (1913–1975)
• Deendayal Upadhyaya (1916–1968)
• U. G. Krishnamurti (1918–2007)
• Ram Swarup (1920–1998)
• Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar (1921–1990)
• Sita Ram Goel (1921–2003)
• Swami Krishnananda (1922–2001)
• Jitendra Nath Mohanty(1928-)
• Osho (1931–1990)
• Amartya Sen (born 1933)
• Bimal Krishna Matilal (1935–1991)
• Pandurang Shastri Athavale (1920–2003)

• Kūkai (774–835)
• Hōnen (1133–1212)

• Shinran (1173–1261)
• Dōgen Zenji (1200–1253)
• Nichiren (1222–1282)

• Zeami Motokiyo (c. 1363–c. 1443)
• Fujiwara Seika (1561–1619)
• Miyamoto Musashi (1584–1645)
• Kumazawa Banzan (1619–1691)
• Itō Jinsai (1627–1705)
• Kaibara Ekken (1630–1714)
• Ogyū Sorai (1666–1728)
• Hakuin Ekaku (1686–1769)
• Tominaga Nakamoto (1715–1746)
• Motoori Norinaga (1730–1801)
• Nishi Amane (1829–1897)

• Nishida Kitaro (1870–1945)
• D. T. Suzuki (1870–1966)
• Tanabe Hajime (1885–1962)
• Kuki Shūzō (1888–1941)
• Watsuji Tetsuro (1889–1960)
• Sakurazawa Yukikazu (George Ohsawa) (1893–1966)
• Miki Kiyoshi (1897–1945)
• Josei Toda (1900–1958)
• Nishitani Keiji (1900–1990)

• Seungrang (c. 6th century)

• Woncheuk (613–696)
• Wonhyo (617–686)
• Uisang (625–702)
• Doseon (827–898)
• Ch'oe Ch'i-wŏn (born 857)

• Uicheon (1055–1101)
• Jinul (1158–1210)

• Jeong Do-jeon (1342–1398)
• Seo Gyeong-deok (1489–1546)
• Yi Eon-jeok (1491–1553)
• Jo Sik (1501–1572)
• Yi Hwang (1501–1570)
• Yi I (1536–1584)
• Jeong Je-du (1649–1736)
• Yi Gan (1677–1727)
• Namdang (1682–1750)
• Jeong Yak-yong (1762–1836)
• Kim Jeong-hui (1786–1856)
• Choi Han-gi (1803–1879)
• Choi Je-u (1824–1864)
• Yi Je-ma (1838–1900)

• Ryu Yeong-mo (1890–1981)
• Ham Seok-heon (1901–1989)

• Sakya Pandita (1182–1251)
• Rangjung Dorje (1284-1339)
• Dolpopa (Dol-bo-ba, 1292–1361)
• Longchenpa (1308–1364)
• Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419)
• Gorampa (1429–1489)
• Sakya Chokden 1428–1507)
• Gyeltsap Darma Rinchen (1364–1432)
• Mikyö Dorje (1507–1554)
• Wangchuk Dorje (1556–1603)
• Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (1820–1892)
• Jamgön Kongtrül (1813-1899)
• Jamgön Ju Mipham (1846–1912)

• List of years in philosophy

• Chinese Philosophy by Richard Hooker