Transcription factor Sp1

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

SP1
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes

1SP1, 1SP2, 1VA1, 1VA2, 1VA3

Identifiers
AliasesSP1, entrez:6667, Sp1 transcription factor
External IDsOMIM: 189906; MGI: 98372; HomoloGene: 8276; GeneCards: SP1; OMA:SP1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chromosome 12 (human)
Chr.Chromosome 12 (human)[1]
Chromosome 12 (human)
Genomic location for SP1
Genomic location for SP1
Band12q13.13Start53,380,176 bp[1]
End53,416,446 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chromosome 15 (mouse)
Chr.Chromosome 15 (mouse)[2]
Chromosome 15 (mouse)
Genomic location for SP1
Genomic location for SP1
Band15|15 F3Start102,314,578 bp[2]
End102,344,839 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern
Bgee
HumanMouse (ortholog)
Top expressed in
  • nipple

  • trabecular bone

  • skin of hip

  • epithelium of colon

  • monocyte

  • vulva

  • skin of thigh

  • lactiferous duct

  • cardia

  • tonsil
Top expressed in
  • Rostral migratory stream

  • vas deferens

  • human fetus

  • conjunctival fornix

  • internal carotid artery

  • hair follicle

  • ciliary body

  • skin of external ear

  • lacrimal gland

  • external carotid artery
More reference expression data
BioGPS
More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function
  • protein homodimerization activity
  • HMG box domain binding
  • transcription factor binding
  • histone deacetylase binding
  • metal ion binding
  • transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II core promoter proximal region sequence-specific binding
  • bHLH transcription factor binding
  • protein C-terminus binding
  • protein binding
  • histone acetyltransferase binding
  • nucleic acid binding
  • sequence-specific DNA binding
  • RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
  • DNA binding
  • double-stranded DNA binding
  • DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
  • DNA-binding transcription factor activity
  • RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
  • core promoter sequence-specific DNA binding
  • DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
  • cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
Cellular component
  • cytoplasm
  • nucleoplasm
  • protein-DNA complex
  • nucleus
  • transcription repressor complex
Biological process
  • positive regulation of hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process
  • rhythmic process
  • regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
  • viral process
  • regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
  • transcription, DNA-templated
  • snRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II
  • cellular response to insulin stimulus
  • positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
  • regulation of cholesterol biosynthetic process
  • positive regulation of gene expression
  • positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migration
  • positive regulation of angiogenesis
  • positive regulation of vascular endothelial cell proliferation
  • response to hydroperoxide
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

6667

20683

Ensembl

ENSG00000185591

ENSMUSG00000001280

UniProt

P08047

O89090

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001251825
NM_003109
NM_138473

NM_013672

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001238754
NP_003100
NP_612482

NP_038700

Location (UCSC)Chr 12: 53.38 – 53.42 MbChr 15: 102.31 – 102.34 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Transcription factor Sp1, also known as specificity protein 1* is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP1 gene.[5]

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich motifs of many promoters. The encoded protein is involved in many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, cell growth, apoptosis, immune responses, response to DNA damage, and chromatin remodeling. post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and proteolytic processing significantly affect the activity of this protein, which can be an activator or a repressor.[5]

In the SV40 virus, Sp1 binds to the GC boxes in the regulatory sequence of the genome.

Structure

SP1 belongs to the Sp/KLF family of transcription factors. The protein is 785 amino acids long, with a molecular weight of 81 kDa. The SP1 transcription factor contains two glutamine-rich activation domains at its N-terminus that are believed to be necessary for promoter trans-activation.[6] SP1 most notably contains three zinc finger protein motifs at its C-terminus, by which it binds directly to DNA and allows for interaction of the protein with other transcriptional regulators. Its zinc fingers are of the Cys2/His2 type and bind the consensus sequence 5'-(G/T)GGGCGG(G/A)(G/A)(C/T)-3' (GC box element). Some 12,000 SP-1 binding sites are found in the human genome.[7]

Applications

Sp1 has been used as a control protein to compare with when studying the increase or decrease of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and/or the estrogen receptor, since it binds to both and generally remains at a relatively constant level.[8]

Recently, a putative promoter region in FTMT, and positive regulators {SP1, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and Ying Yang 1 (YY1)] and negative regulators [GATA2, forkhead box protein A1 (FoxA1), and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein b (C/EBPb)] of FTMT transcription have been identified (Guaraldo et al, 2016).The effect of DFP on the DNA-binding activity of these regulators to the FTMT promoter was examined using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Among the regulators, only SP1 displayed significantly increased DNA- binding activity following DFP treatment in a dose-dependent manner. SP1 knockdown by siRNA abolished the DFP-induced increase in the mRNA levels of FTMT, indicating SP1-mediated regulation of FTMT expression in the presence of DFP. Treatment with Deferiprone increased the expression of cytoplasmic and nuclear SP1 with predominant localization in the nucleus.[9]

Inhibitors

Plicamycin, an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces plicatus, and Withaferin A, a steroidal lactone from Withania somnifera plant are known to inhibit Sp1 transcription factor.[10][11]

miR-375-5p microRNA significantly decreased expression of SP1 and YAP1 in colorectal cancer cells. SP1 and YAP1 mRNAs are direct targets of miR-375-5p.[12]

Interactions

Transcription factor Sp1 has been shown to interact with:

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000185591 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000001280 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: Sp1 transcription factor".
  6. ^ Li L, He S, Sun JM, Davie JR (August 2004). "Gene regulation by Sp1 and Sp3". Biochemistry and Cell Biology = Biochimie et Biologie Cellulaire. 82 (4): 460–471. doi:10.1139/o04-045. PMID 15284899.
  7. ^ Zhang B, Song L, Cai J, Li L, Xu H, Li M, et al. (May 2019). "The LIM protein Ajuba/SP1 complex forms a feed forward loop to induce SP1 target genes and promote pancreatic cancer cell proliferation". Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. 38 (1): 205. doi:10.1186/s13046-019-1203-2. PMC 6525466. PMID 31101117.
  8. ^ Wormke M, Stoner M, Saville B, Walker K, Abdelrahim M, Burghardt R, et al. (March 2003). "The aryl hydrocarbon receptor mediates degradation of estrogen receptor alpha through activation of proteasomes". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 23 (6): 1843–55. doi:10.1128/MCB.23.6.1843-1855.2003. PMC 149455. PMID 12612060.
  9. ^ Hara Y, Yanatori I, Tanaka A, Kishi F, Lemasters JJ, Nishina S, et al. (November 2020). "Iron loss triggers mitophagy through induction of mitochondrial ferritin". EMBO Reports. 21 (11): e50202. doi:10.15252/embr.202050202. PMC 7645172. PMID 32975364.
  10. ^ Choi ES, Nam JS, Jung JY, Cho NP, Cho SD (November 2014). "Modulation of specificity protein 1 by mithramycin A as a novel therapeutic strategy for cervical cancer". Scientific Reports. 4: 7162. Bibcode:2014NatSR...4E7162C. doi:10.1038/srep07162. PMC 4241519. PMID 25418289.
  11. ^ Prasanna KS, Shilpa P, Salimath BP (2009). "Withaferin A suppresses the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells via Sp1 transcription" (PDF). Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy. 3 (2): 138–148.[permanent dead link]
  12. ^ Xu X, Chen X, Xu M, Liu X, Pan B, Qin J, et al. (September 2019). "miR-375-3p suppresses tumorigenesis and partially reverses chemoresistance by targeting YAP1 and SP1 in colorectal cancer cells". Aging. 11 (18): 7357–7385. doi:10.18632/aging.102214. PMC 6781994. PMID 31543507.
  13. ^ a b Di Padova M, Bruno T, De Nicola F, Iezzi S, D'Angelo C, Gallo R, et al. (September 2003). "Che-1 arrests human colon carcinoma cell proliferation by displacing HDAC1 from the p21WAF1/CIP1 promoter". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (38): 36496–504. doi:10.1074/jbc.M306694200. PMID 12847090.
  14. ^ Liu YW, Tseng HP, Chen LC, Chen BK, Chang WC (July 2003). "Functional cooperation of simian virus 40 promoter factor 1 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta and delta in lipopolysaccharide-induced gene activation of IL-10 in mouse macrophages". Journal of Immunology. 171 (2): 821–8. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.2.821. PMID 12847250.
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  19. ^ Karlseder J, Rotheneder H, Wintersberger E (April 1996). "Interaction of Sp1 with the growth- and cell cycle-regulated transcription factor E2F". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 16 (4): 1659–67. doi:10.1128/mcb.16.4.1659. PMC 231152. PMID 8657141.
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  21. ^ Galvagni F, Capo S, Oliviero S (March 2001). "Sp1 and Sp3 physically interact and co-operate with GABP for the activation of the utrophin promoter". Journal of Molecular Biology. 306 (5): 985–96. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.4335. hdl:2318/141203. PMID 11237613. S2CID 29403871.
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  24. ^ a b Sun JM, Chen HY, Moniwa M, Litchfield DW, Seto E, Davie JR (September 2002). "The transcriptional repressor Sp3 is associated with CK2-phosphorylated histone deacetylase 2". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (39): 35783–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.C200378200. PMID 12176973.
  25. ^ Won J, Yim J, Kim TK (October 2002). "Sp1 and Sp3 recruit histone deacetylase to repress transcription of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter in normal human somatic cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 277 (41): 38230–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M206064200. PMID 12151407.
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  31. ^ Park SY, Shin HM, Han TH (September 2002). "Synergistic interaction of MEF2D and Sp1 in activation of the CD14 promoter". Molecular Immunology. 39 (1–2): 25–30. doi:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00055-X. PMID 12213324.
  32. ^ Shetty S, Takahashi T, Matsui H, Ayengar R, Raghow R (May 1999). "Transcriptional autorepression of Msx1 gene is mediated by interactions of Msx1 protein with a multi-protein transcriptional complex containing TATA-binding protein, Sp1 and cAMP-response-element-binding protein-binding protein (CBP/p300)". The Biochemical Journal. 339 (3): 751–8. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3390751. PMC 1220213. PMID 10215616.
  33. ^ Biesiada E, Hamamori Y, Kedes L, Sartorelli V (April 1999). "Myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins and Sp1 interact as components of a multiprotein transcriptional complex required for activity of the human cardiac alpha-actin promoter". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 19 (4): 2577–84. doi:10.1128/mcb.19.4.2577. PMC 84050. PMID 10082523.
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  36. ^ a b c Wang YT, Chuang JY, Shen MR, Yang WB, Chang WC, Hung JJ (July 2008). "Sumoylation of specificity protein 1 augments its degradation by changing the localization and increasing the specificity protein 1 proteolytic process". Journal of Molecular Biology. 380 (5): 869–85. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.05.043. PMID 18572193.
  37. ^ Su K, Yang X, Roos MD, Paterson AJ, Kudlow JE (June 2000). "Human Sug1/p45 is involved in the proteasome-dependent degradation of Sp1". The Biochemical Journal. 348 (2): 281–9. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3480281. PMC 1221064. PMID 10816420.
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  42. ^ Poncelet AC, Schnaper HW (March 2001). "Sp1 and Smad proteins cooperate to mediate transforming growth factor-beta 1-induced alpha 2(I) collagen expression in human glomerular mesangial cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (10): 6983–92. doi:10.1074/jbc.M006442200. PMID 11114293.
  43. ^ Sugawara T, Saito M, Fujimoto S (August 2000). "Sp1 and SF-1 interact and cooperate in the regulation of human steroidogenic acute regulatory protein gene expression". Endocrinology. 141 (8): 2895–903. doi:10.1210/endo.141.8.7602. PMID 10919277.
  44. ^ Lécuyer E, Herblot S, Saint-Denis M, Martin R, Begley CG, Porcher C, et al. (October 2002). "The SCL complex regulates c-kit expression in hematopoietic cells through functional interaction with Sp1". Blood. 100 (7): 2430–40. doi:10.1182/blood-2002-02-0568. PMID 12239153.
  45. ^ Yamabe Y, Shimamoto A, Goto M, Yokota J, Sugawara M, Furuichi Y (November 1998). "Sp1-mediated transcription of the Werner helicase gene is modulated by Rb and p53". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 18 (11): 6191–200. doi:10.1128/mcb.18.11.6191. PMC 109206. PMID 9774636.

Further reading

  • Dreier B, Beerli RR, Segal DJ, Flippin JD, Barbas CF (August 2001). "Development of zinc finger domains for recognition of the 5'-ANN-3' family of DNA sequences and their use in the construction of artificial transcription factors". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 276 (31): 29466–78. doi:10.1074/jbc.M102604200. PMID 11340073.
  • Tseng L, Gao J, Mazella J, Zhu HH, Lane B (September 1997). "Differentiation-dependent and cell-specific regulation of the hIGFBP-1 gene in human endometrium". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 828 (1): 27–37. Bibcode:1997NYASA.828...27T. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48521.x. PMID 9329821. S2CID 1601677.
  • Dyson N (August 1998). "The regulation of E2F by pRB-family proteins". Genes & Development. 12 (15): 2245–62. doi:10.1101/gad.12.15.2245. PMID 9694791.
  • Zhang Y, Dufau ML (June 2003). "Dual mechanisms of regulation of transcription of luteinizing hormone receptor gene by nuclear orphan receptors and histone deacetylase complexes". The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 85 (2–5): 401–14. doi:10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00230-9. PMID 12943729. S2CID 28512341.
  • Kino T, Pavlakis GN (April 2004). "Partner molecules of accessory protein Vpr of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1". DNA and Cell Biology. 23 (4): 193–205. doi:10.1089/104454904773819789. PMID 15142377.
  • Seelamgari A, Maddukuri A, Berro R, de la Fuente C, Kehn K, Deng L, et al. (September 2004). "Role of viral regulatory and accessory proteins in HIV-1 replication". Frontiers in Bioscience. 9 (1–3): 2388–413. doi:10.2741/1403. PMID 15353294.
  • Le Rouzic E, Benichou S (February 2005). "The Vpr protein from HIV-1: distinct roles along the viral life cycle". Retrovirology. 2: 11. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-2-11. PMC 554975. PMID 15725353.
  • Kamine J, Chinnadurai G (June 1992). "Synergistic activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter by the viral Tat protein and cellular transcription factor Sp1". Journal of Virology. 66 (6): 3932–6. doi:10.1128/JVI.66.6.3932-3936.1992. PMC 241184. PMID 1583736.
  • Szpirer J, Szpirer C, Riviere M, Levan G, Marynen P, Cassiman JJ, et al. (September 1991). "The Sp1 transcription factor gene (SP1) and the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor gene (VDR) are colocalized on human chromosome arm 12q and rat chromosome 7". Genomics. 11 (1): 168–73. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(91)90114-T. PMID 1662663.
  • Gumucio DL, Rood KL, Blanchard-McQuate KL, Gray TA, Saulino A, Collins FS (October 1991). "Interaction of Sp1 with the human gamma globin promoter: binding and transactivation of normal and mutant promoters". Blood. 78 (7): 1853–63. doi:10.1182/blood.V78.7.1853.1853. PMID 1912570.
  • Kamine J, Subramanian T, Chinnadurai G (October 1991). "Sp1-dependent activation of a synthetic promoter by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88 (19): 8510–4. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.8510K. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.19.8510. PMC 52538. PMID 1924310.
  • Courey AJ, Holtzman DA, Jackson SP, Tjian R (December 1989). "Synergistic activation by the glutamine-rich domains of human transcription factor Sp1". Cell. 59 (5): 827–36. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90606-5. PMID 2512012. S2CID 2910480.
  • Harrich D, Garcia J, Wu F, Mitsuyasu R, Gonazalez J, Gaynor R (June 1989). "Role of SP1-binding domains in in vivo transcriptional regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat". Journal of Virology. 63 (6): 2585–91. doi:10.1128/JVI.63.6.2585-2591.1989. PMC 250732. PMID 2657100.
  • Jackson SP, Tjian R (October 1988). "O-glycosylation of eukaryotic transcription factors: implications for mechanisms of transcriptional regulation". Cell. 55 (1): 125–33. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90015-3. PMID 3139301. S2CID 42523965.
  • Kadonaga JT, Carner KR, Masiarz FR, Tjian R (December 1987). "Isolation of cDNA encoding transcription factor Sp1 and functional analysis of the DNA binding domain". Cell. 51 (6): 1079–90. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(87)90594-0. PMID 3319186. S2CID 19383553.
  • Zhang R, Min W, Sessa WC (June 1995). "Functional analysis of the human endothelial nitric oxide synthase promoter. Sp1 and GATA factors are necessary for basal transcription in endothelial cells". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (25): 15320–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.25.15320. PMID 7541039.
  • Hagen G, Dennig J, Preiss A, Beato M, Suske G (October 1995). "Functional analyses of the transcription factor Sp4 reveal properties distinct from Sp1 and Sp3". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (42): 24989–94. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.42.24989. PMID 7559627.
  • Datta PK, Raychaudhuri P, Bagchi S (October 1995). "Association of p107 with Sp1: genetically separable regions of p107 are involved in regulation of E2F- and Sp1-dependent transcription". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 15 (10): 5444–52. doi:10.1128/mcb.15.10.5444. PMC 230794. PMID 7565695.
  • Wang L, Mukherjee S, Jia F, Narayan O, Zhao LJ (October 1995). "Interaction of virion protein Vpr of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with cellular transcription factor Sp1 and trans-activation of viral long terminal repeat". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (43): 25564–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.43.25564. PMID 7592727.
  • Howcroft TK, Palmer LA, Brown J, Rellahan B, Kashanchi F, Brady JN, et al. (July 1995). "HIV Tat represses transcription through Sp1-like elements in the basal promoter". Immunity. 3 (1): 127–38. doi:10.1016/1074-7613(95)90165-5. PMID 7621073.
  • Ferrari N, Desmarais D, Royal A (July 1995). "Transcriptional activation of the neuronal peripherin-encoding gene depends on a G + C-rich element that binds Sp1 in vitro and in vivo". Gene. 159 (2): 159–65. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(95)00140-2. PMID 7622044.
  • Tan NY, Midgley VC, Kavurma MM, Santiago FS, Luo X, Peden R, et al. (February 2008). "Angiotensin II-inducible platelet-derived growth factor-D transcription requires specific Ser/Thr residues in the second zinc finger region of Sp1". Circulation Research. 102 (4): e38-51. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.167395. PMID 18258854.
  • v
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  • 1sp1: NMR STRUCTURE OF A ZINC FINGER DOMAIN FROM TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SP1F3, MINIMIZED AVERAGE STRUCTURE
    1sp1: NMR STRUCTURE OF A ZINC FINGER DOMAIN FROM TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SP1F3, MINIMIZED AVERAGE STRUCTURE
  • 1sp2: NMR STRUCTURE OF A ZINC FINGER DOMAIN FROM TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SP1F2, MINIMIZED AVERAGE STRUCTURE
    1sp2: NMR STRUCTURE OF A ZINC FINGER DOMAIN FROM TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SP1F2, MINIMIZED AVERAGE STRUCTURE
  • 1va1: Solution Structure of Transcription Factor Sp1 DNA Binding Domain (Zinc Finger 1)
    1va1: Solution Structure of Transcription Factor Sp1 DNA Binding Domain (Zinc Finger 1)
  • 1va2: Solution Structure of Transcription Factor Sp1 DNA Binding Domain (Zinc Finger 2)
    1va2: Solution Structure of Transcription Factor Sp1 DNA Binding Domain (Zinc Finger 2)
  • 1va3: Solution Structure of Transcription Factor Sp1 DNA Binding Domain (Zinc Finger 3)
    1va3: Solution Structure of Transcription Factor Sp1 DNA Binding Domain (Zinc Finger 3)
  • v
  • t
  • e
(1) Basic domains
(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP)
(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)
Group A
Group B
Group C
bHLH-PAS
Group D
Group E
Group F
bHLH-COE
(1.3) bHLH-ZIP
(1.4) NF-1
(1.5) RF-X
(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)
(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains
(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys4)
subfamily 1
subfamily 2
subfamily 3
subfamily 4
subfamily 5
subfamily 6
subfamily 0
(2.2) Other Cys4
(2.3) Cys2His2
(2.4) Cys6
(2.5) Alternating composition
(2.6) WRKY
(3) Helix-turn-helix domains
(3.1) Homeodomain
Antennapedia
ANTP class
protoHOX
Hox-like
metaHOX
NK-like
other
(3.2) Paired box
(3.3) Fork head / winged helix
(3.4) Heat shock factors
(3.5) Tryptophan clusters
(3.6) TEA domain
  • transcriptional enhancer factor
(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts
(4.1) Rel homology region
(4.2) STAT
(4.3) p53-like
(4.4) MADS box
(4.6) TATA-binding proteins
(4.7) High-mobility group
(4.9) Grainyhead
(4.10) Cold-shock domain
(4.11) Runt
(0) Other transcription factors
(0.2) HMGI(Y)
(0.3) Pocket domain
(0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors
(0.6) Miscellaneous
see also transcription factor/coregulator deficiencies

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.