W. Gibson Ward
W. Gibson Ward | |
---|---|
Born | William Gibson Ward 1819 (1819) Birmingham, England |
Died | (1882-10-18)18 October 1882 (aged 63) Ross, England |
Occupation(s) | Vegetarianism and anti-vaccination activist |
William Gibson Ward FRHistS (1819 – 18 October 1882) was an English activist for vegetarianism, anti-vivisection and anti-vaccination.
Biography
William Gibson Ward was born in Birmingham in 1819. He was the Herefordshire squire of Perriston Towers, Ross.[1]: 16 Ward became a vegetarian at the age of 30, and also abstained from alcohol and tobacco;[1]: 16 additionally, he was opposed to vaccination and vivisection.[1]: 62 He was a trustee of the National Agricultural Labourers Union and contributed to their journal the Labourers' Union Chronicle.[2] Ward was a fellow of the Royal Historical Society,[3] and vice-president of the Vegetarian Society.[4] In 1874, Ward, Isaac Pitman, John Davie and Francis William Newman were described as "four leading vegetarians" in England.[2]
Ward was involved in a dispute with Henry Taylor, secretary of the National Agricultural Society. In 1876, it was reported that Ward was charged at the Birmingham Police Court with "feloniously and maliciously libelling Henry Taylor, of Leamington Spa" by publishing two defamatory letters.[5] Ward later withdrew his false charges against Taylor and regretted having made them. An apology by his solicitor on his behalf was produced at court and the apology was accepted and signed by all parties involved.[5]
From 1878 to 1879, Ward wrote a series of letters to The Times on vegetarian dieting.[4] The letters were popular with the public and increased membership to the Vegetarian Society.[4] Historian James Gregory has noted that Ward "played an important role in the revival through letters to The Times advocating vegetable alternatives for the working classes at a time of concern about the cost of food."[6]
Ward contributed to the National Anti-Compulsory Vaccination Reporter, an anti-vaccination journal.[7]
Journalist Howard Evans was highly critical of Ward and his activities. He commented that Ward was a "ferocious hater of the landed aristocracy" and "never was there such a man who had such a curious bundle of fanaticisms."[8]
Ward died on 18 October 1882,[9] at the age of 63, due to tuberculosis at his residence, Perriston Towers, in Ross.[10]
Legacy
Henry S. Clubb, the founder and first president of the American Vegetarian Society, cited Ward as his inspiration for going vegetarian, based on Ward's visits to his father's home.[11]
References
- ^ a b c Forward, Charles W. (1898). Fifty Years of Food Reform. London: The Ideal Publishing Union.
- ^ a b "Four Leading Vegetarians". The Graphic. Vol. 10. July–December 1874. pp. 19–21. hdl:2027/nyp.33433105621522. Retrieved 9 November 2021.
- ^ "Front Matter". Transactions of the Royal Historical Society. 6: i–xi. 1877. ISSN 0080-4401. JSTOR 3677982.
- ^ a b c Spencer, Colin. (1995). The Heretic's Feast: A History of Vegetarianism. University Press of New England. p. 276. ISBN 0-87451-708-7
- ^ a b Anonymous. (1876). Ward V. Taylor. The Country Gentleman's Magazine 4: 53–54.
- ^ Gregory, James. (2007). Of Victorians and Vegetarians: The Vegetarian Movement in Nineteenth-Century Britain. Tauris Academic Studies. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-84511-379-7
- ^ "Mr Gibson Ward and 'The Figaro'". National Anti-Compulsory Vaccination Reporter. 3: 28. 1878.
- ^ Evans, Howard. (1913). Radical Fights of Forty Years. London: Daily News & Leader. p. 38
- ^ White, William. (1885). The Story of a Great Delusion in a Series of Matter-of-Fact Chapters. London: E. W. Allen. p. 589
- ^ "Mr. William Gibson Ward". Gloucestershire Chronicle. p. 4 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ History of the Philadelphia Bible-christian Church for the First Century of Its Existence, from 1817 to 1917. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott co. 1922. pp. 67–89.
- v
- t
- e
Veganism | |
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Vegetarianism | |
Lists |
Secular | |
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Religious |
and drink
- Agave syrup
- Chicken fillet roll
- Coconut burger
- Coconut milk
- Fruits
- Grains
- Gelatin substitutes
- Jambon
- Meat alternative
- Miso
- Mochi
- Mock duck
- Nutritional yeast
- Plant cream
- Plant milk
- Quinoa
- Quorn
- Seitan
- Soy yogurt
- Tempeh
- Tofu
- Tofurkey
- Cheese
- Vegetables
- Vegetarian bacon
- Hot dog
- Vegetarian mark
- Sausage
- Sausage roll
- Beer
- Wine
- Veggie burger
and events
reports,
journals
- On Abstinence from Eating Animals (3rd century)
- An Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food, as a Moral Duty (1802)
- Vegetable Cookery (1812)
- A Vindication of Natural Diet (1813)
- Reasons for not Eating Animal Food (1814)
- Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes (1824)
- Nature's Own Book (1835)
- Fruits and Farinacea (1845)
- The Pleasure Boat (1845)
- The Ethics of Diet (1883)
- What is Vegetarianism? (1886)
- Shelley's Vegetarianism (1891)
- Behind the Scenes in Slaughter-Houses (1892)
- Why I Am a Vegetarian (1895)
- Figs or Pigs? (1896)
- Fifty Years of Food Reform (1898)
- Thirty-nine Reasons Why I Am a Vegetarian (1903)
- The Meat Fetish (1904)
- The New Ethics (1907)
- A Fleshless Diet (1910)
- The Benefits of Vegetarianism (1927)
- Living the Good Life (1954)
- Ten Talents (1968)
- Diet for a Small Planet (1971)
- The Vegetarian Epicure (1972)
- Moosewood Collective Cookbooks (1973)
- The Farm Vegetarian Cookbook (1975)
- Laurel's Kitchen (1976)
- Moosewood Cookbook (1977)
- Fit for Life (1985)
- Diet for a New America (1987)
- The Sexual Politics of Meat (1990)
- Vegetarian Cooking for Everyone (1997)
- The China Study (2005)
- Skinny Bitch (2005)
- Livestock's Long Shadow (2006)
- The Bloodless Revolution (2006)
- Eating Animals (2009)
- Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs, and Wear Cows (2009)
- The Vegan Studies Project (2015)
- Animal (De)liberation (2016)
- The End of Animal Farming (2018)
- Vegetable Kingdom (2020)
- Making a Stand for Animals (2022)
- Meat Atlas (annual)
- The Animals Film (1981)
- Diet for a New America (film) (1991)
- A Cow at My Table (1998)
- Meet Your Meat (2002)
- Post Punk Kitchen (2003–2005)
- Peaceable Kingdom (2004)
- Earthlings (2005)
- A Sacred Duty (2007)
- Fat, Sick and Nearly Dead (2010)
- Planeat (2010)
- Forks Over Knives (2011)
- Vegucated (2011)
- Live and Let Live (2013)
- Cowspiracy (2014)
- PlantPure Nation (2015)
- What the Health (2017)
- Carnage (2017)
- Dominion (2018)
- Eating You Alive (2018)
- The Game Changers (2018)
- Maa Ka Doodh (2023)
- You Are What You Eat: A Twin Experiment (2024)
activists,
authors,
physicians
cookbook authors
- Nava Atlas
- Mayim Bialik
- Carleigh Bodrug
- Gypsy Boots
- BOSH!
- Martha Brotherton
- Edward Espe Brown
- Tabitha Brown (actress)
- Suzy Amis Cameron
- Hannah Che
- Pinky Cole
- Chloe Coscarelli
- Yamuna Devi
- Sue Donaldson
- Crescent Dragonwagon
- Rose Elliot
- Rip Esselstyn
- Toni Fiore
- Carol Lee Flinders
- Alexis Gauthier
- Dick Gregory
- Richa Hingle
- Madhur Jaffrey
- Mollie Katzen
- Frances Moore Lappé
- Deborah Madison
- Linda McCartney
- Mary McCartney
- Hetty Lui McKinnon
- Tracye McQuirter
- Joanne Lee Molinaro
- Moosewood Collective
- Charity Morgan
- Isa Chandra Moskowitz
- Bawa Muhaiyaddeen
- Gaz Oakley
- Colleen Patrick-Goudreau
- Mathew Pritchard
- Satchidananda Saraswati
- Derek Sarno
- Miyoko Schinner
- Alicia Silverstone
- Hannah Sunderani
- Bryant Terry
- Anna Thomas
- Haile Thomas
- Lauren Toyota
- Jeeca Uy
- Umberto Veronesi
- Nisha Vora
- Alan Wakeman
- Cranks (restaurant)
- Food for Thought (restaurant)
- InSpiral Lounge
- Lentil as Anything
- Minerva Café
- New Riverside Cafe
- Nix (restaurant)
- Penny Cafeteria
- Pink Peacock
- The Hollow Reed
- The Pitman Vegetarian Hotel