Ular karang

Ular karang

Penyakit	coral snake envenomation ^(en)

Ular karang adalah sebutan untuk berbagai jenis ular-ular berbisa berwarna cerah, yang semuanya diklasifikasikan sebagai bagian dari famili Elapidae. Ular karang tersebar di Benua Amerika dan Asia. Di Indonesia, spesies ular yang juga disebut "ular karang" di antaranya adalah ular cabai (Calliophis intestinalis) dan ular cabai besar (Calliophis bivirgatus).

Klasifikasi

Genus Calliophis (Gray, 1834)

Calliophis beddomei SMITH, 1943
Calliophis bibroni (JAN, 1858)
Calliophis bilineata (PETERS, 1881)
Calliophis bivirgatus (BOIE, 1827) - Ular cabai besar
Calliophis castoe SMITH, OGALE, DEEPAK & GIRI, 2012
Calliophis gracilis GRAY, 1834
Calliophis haematoetron SMITH, MANAMENDRA-ARACHCHI & SOMAWEERA, 2008
Calliophis intestinalis (LAURENTI, 1768) - Ular cabai
Calliophis maculiceps (GÜNTHER, 1858)
Calliophis melanurus (SHAW, 1802)
Calliophis nigrescens (GÜNTHER, 1862)
Calliophis philippina (GÜNTHER, 1864)
Calliophis salitan BROWN, SMART, LEVITON & SMITH, 2018
Calliophis suluensis (STEINDACHNER, 1891)

Genus Hemibungarus (Peters, 1862)

Hemibungarus calligaster (WIEGMANN, 1835)
Hemibungarus gemianulis (PETERS, 1872)
Hemibungarus mcclungi (TAYLOR, 1922)

Genus Micruroides (K.P. Schmidt, 1928)

Micruroides euryxanthus (KENNICOTT, 1860) - Ular-karang Arizona

Genus Micrurus (Wagler, 1824)

Micrurus albicinctus AMARAL, 1925
Micrurus alleni SCHMIDT, 1936
Micrurus altirostris (COPE, 1860)
Micrurus ancoralis JAN, 1872
Micrurus annellatus PETERS, 1871
Micrurus averyi SCHMIDT, 1939
Micrurus baliocoryphus (COPE, 1860)
Micrurus bernadi (COPE, 1887)
Micrurus bocourti (JAN, 1872)
Micrurus bogerti ROZE, 1967
Micrurus boicora BERNARDE, TURCI, ABEGG & FRANCO, 2018
Micrurus brasiliensis ROZE, 1967
Micrurus browni SCHMIDT & SMITH, 1943
Micrurus camilae RENJIFO & LUNDBERG, 2003
Micrurus circinalis (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)
Micrurus clarki SCHMIDT, 1936
Micrurus collaris (SCHLEGEL, 1837)
Micrurus corallinus (MERREM, 1820)
Micrurus decoratus (JAN, 1858)
Micrurus diana ROZE, 1983
Micrurus diastema (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)
Micrurus dissoleucus COPE, 1860
Micrurus distans KENNICOTT, 1860
Micrurus diutius (BURGER, 1955)
Micrurus dumerilii JAN, 1858
Micrurus elegans JAN, 1858
Micrurus ephippifer (COPE, 1886)
Micrurus filiformis (GÜNTHER, 1859)
Micrurus frontalis DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854
Micrurus fulvius (LINNAEUS, 1766) - Ular-karang timur
Micrurus hemprichii (JAN, 1858)
Micrurus hippocrepis (PETERS, 1862)
Micrurus ibiboboca (MERREM, 1820)
Micrurus isozonus (COPE, 1860)
Micrurus langsdorffi (WAGLER, 1824)
Micrurus laticollaris PETERS, 1870
Micrurus latifasciatus SCHMIDT, 1933
Micrurus lemniscatus (LINNAEUS, 1758)
Micrurus limbatus FRASER, 1964
Micrurus margaritiferus ROZE, 1967
Micrurus medemi ROZE, 1967
Micrurus meridensis ROZE, 1989
Micrurus mertensi SCHMIDT, 1936
Micrurus mipartitus (DUMÉRIL, BIBRON & DUMÉRIL, 1854)
Micrurus mosquitensis SCHMIDT, 1933
Micrurus multifasciatus JAN, 1858
Micrurus multiscutatus RENDAHL & VESTERGREN, 1940
Micrurus narduccii (JAN, 1863)
Micrurus nattereri SCHMIDT, 1952
Micrurus nebularis ROZE, 1989
Micrurus nigrocinctus (GIRARD, 1854)
Micrurus obscurus (JAN, 1872)
Micrurus oligoanellatus AYERBE & LÓPEZ, 2005
Micrurus ornatissimus (JAN, 1858)
Micrurus pacaraimae MORATO DE CARVALHO, 2002
Micrurus pachecogili CAMPBELL, 2000
Micrurus paraensis DA CUNHA & NASCIMENTO, 1973
Micrurus peruvianus SCHMIDT, 1936
Micrurus petersi ROZE, 1967
Micrurus potyguara PIRES, DA SILVA Jr, FEITOSA, PRUDENTE, PREIRA-FILHO & ZAHER, 2014
Micrurus proximans SMITH & CHRAPLIWY, 1958
Micrurus psyches (DAUDIN, 1803)
Micrurus putumayensis LANCINI, 1962
Micrurus pyrrhocryptus (COPE, 1862)
Micrurus remotus ROZE, 1987
Micrurus renjifoi (LAMAR, 2003)
Micrurus ruatanus (GÜNTHER, 1895)
Micrurus sangilensis NICEFORO MARIA, 1942
Micrurus scutiventris (COPE, 1869)
Micrurus serranus HARVEY, APARICIO & GONZALEZ, 2003
Micrurus silviae DI BERNARDO, BORGES-MARTINS & DA SILVA, 2007
Micrurus spixii WAGLER, 1824
Micrurus spurrelli (BOULENGER, 1914)
Micrurus steindachneri (WERNER, 1901)
Micrurus stewarti BARBOUR & AMARAL, 1928
Micrurus stuarti ROZE, 1967
Micrurus surinamensis (CUVIER, 1817)
Micrurus tener BAIRD & GIRARD, 1853 - Ular-karang Texas
Micrurus tikuna FEITOSA, DA SILVA Jr, PIRES, ZAHER & PRUDENTE, 2015
Micrurus tschudii JAN, 1858

Genus Sinomicrurus (Slowinski, Boundy & Lawson, 2001)

Sinomicrurus hatori (TAKAHASHI, 1930)
Sinomicrurus houi WANG, PENG & HUANG, 2018
Sinomicrurus japonicus (GÜNTHER, 1868)
Sinomicrurus kelloggi (POPE, 1928)
Sinomicrurus macclellandi (REINHARDT, 1844)
Sinomicrurus sauteri (STEINDACHNER, 1913)

Referensi

Boulenger, G.A. 1896. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III., Containing the Colubridæ (Opisthoglyphæ and Proteroglyphæ)... Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers.) London. xiv + 727 pp. + Plates I.- XXV. (Elaps, 28 species, pp. 411–433 + Plate XX.)
Roze, J.A. 1996. Coral Snakes of the Americas: Biology, Identification, and Venoms. Krieger. Malabar, Florida. 340 pp. ISBN 978-0894648472.
Tanaka G. D., Furtado Md. F. D., Portaro F. C. V., Sant'Anna O. A. & Tambourgi D. V. (2010). "Diversity of Micrurus Snake Species Related to Their Venom Toxic Effects and the Prospective of Antivenom Neutralization". PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 4(3): e622. DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000622
(Spanyol) Universidad de Costa Rica (2009). El envenenamiento por mordedura de serpiente en Centroamérica ("Snakebite poisonings in Central America"). San José, Costa Rica: Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica.