Senarai Tapak Warisan Dunia di Afrika


A map of World Heritage Sites in Africa as of 2016. The northern, eastern, and southern parts of the continent are relatively dense with sites; in contrast the western coast is home to relatively few.
Peta Tapak Warisan Dunia di Afrika pada tahun 2016, setiap satu diletakkan titik     0 tapak      1–2 tapak      3–4 tapak      5–6 tapak      7–8 tapak      9 tapak

Pertubuhan Pendidikan, Sains dan Kebudayaan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (UNESCO) telah menetapkan 147 Tapak Warisan Dunia di Afrika.[a] Tapak-tapak ini terletak di 46 negara (juga dipanggil "negara pihak").

Tapak Warisan Dunia Terpilih

Habsyah mendahului dengan sebelas tapak; diikuti oleh Afrika Selatan dengan sepuluh, Maghribi dan Tunisia menjadi rumah kepada sembilan tapak; kemudian Algeria, Mesir, Senegal dan Tanzania tujuh. Sembilan negara hanya mempunyai satu tapak setiap satu. Empat tapak dikongsi antara dua negara: Taman Maloti-Drakensberg (Lesotho dan Afrika Selatan), Rizab Alam Semula Jadi Ketat Gunung Nimba (Côte d'Ivoire dan Guinea), Bulatan Batu Senegambia (Gambia dan Senegal ), dan Mosi-oa-Tunya / Air Terjun Victoria (Zambia dan Zimbabwe). Dua tapak dikongsi antara tiga negara: Trinasional Sangha (Republik Afrika Tengah, Cameroon dan Congo) dan Kompleks W-Arly-Penjari (Benin, Burkina Faso dan Niger).[1]

Tapak-tapak pertama di benua itu telah diberikan inskripsi pada tahun 1978, apabila Pulau Gorée Senegal dan Gereja Tarah Batu dan Taman Negara Simien di Ethiopia telah dipilih semasa senarai itu dimulakan.[2] [3]

Sehingga September 2017, Somalia tidak mempunyai Tapak Warisan Dunia rasmi kerana kerajaan Somalia bukan ahli Konvensyen Warisan Dunia 1972. Namun, terdapat—sekurang-kurangnya—sekitar sepuluh tapak arkeologi di negara itu yang dipercayai mempunyai peluang untuk mempunyai status Warisan Dunia.[4]

Setiap tahun, Jawatankuasa Warisan Dunia UNESCO boleh memasukkan tapak baharu dalam senarai atau menyahsenarai tapak yang tidak lagi memenuhi kriterianya. Terdapat sepuluh kriteria untuk dipilih: enam untuk warisan budaya (i–vi) dan empat untuk warisan semula jadi (vii–x).[5] Sesetengah tapak, yang ditetapkan sebagai "tapak campuran", adalah kedua-dua warisan budaya dan semula jadi. Di Afrika, terdapat 91 tapak budaya, 50 semula jadi dan 6 tapak campuran.[1]

Beberapa usaha telah dibuat untuk menambahkan bilangan tapak dan memelihara warisan tapak-tapak sedia ada di benua itu; contohnya, pada 5 Mei 2006, Dana Warisan Dunia Afrika telah dilancarkan oleh UNESCO untuk menyasarkan rantau Afrika Sub-Sahara. Ia berancang untuk melindungi tapak-tapak tersebut dengan menyediakan kakitangan untuk negara-negara pihak demi menyelenggara inventori-inventori nasional tapak yang sedia ada, serta "menyediakan dokumen pencalonan untuk dimasukkan ke dalam Senarai Warisan Dunia." Geran juga dipersiapkan untuk membantu "[pemuliharaan] dan pengurusan harta-harta warisan secara umumnya" dan memulihkan yang sedang terancam.[6]

Kempen itu pada mulanya dibiayai oleh Afrika Selatan dengan AS$ 3.5 juta,[6] dan setakat Mac 2011, telah mengumpul $4.7 juta dari pelbagai negara, dengan $4.1 juta lagi dalam bentuk aku cagar yang belum selesai.[7] UNESCO juga telah cuba meningkatkan kesedaran tentang tapak-tapak asal manusia Afrika di Habsyah, dengan matlamat untuk memulihara dan melindungi kawasan tersebut daripada menjadi lebih terbengkalai dan rosak.[8]

Jawatankuasa Warisan Dunia juga boleh menentukan jika satu-satu tapak itu terancam, bahawa mengalami "keadaan yang mengancam ciri-ciri yang mana harta itu telah tercatat dalam Senarai Warisan Dunia".[9] Di samping Tapak-tapak Warisan Dunia yang lain, tapak dalam bahaya tertakluk kepada penilaian semula oleh pihak jawatankuasa setiap tahun dalam "sesi biasa" mereka.[10][11] Afrika mempunyai 21 tapak dalam senarai bahaya, 14% daripada semua tapak di Afrika dan 40% daripada 52 tapak terancam di seluruh dunia. Libya mempunyai 5 tapak dalam senarai bahaya, yang kedua tertinggi daripada mana-mana negara di dunia.[b][12]

Tapak-tapak di Afrika telah dilabelkan sedemikian kerana pelbagai sebab, seperti penebangan hutan dan pemburuan,[13][14] perang saudara,[15] ugutan terhadap kakitangan tanah rizab dan penyanderaan,[16] projek-projek minyak dan gas serta perlombongan,[17] kemerosotan biokepelbagaian,[18] dan kerosakan struktur bangunan.[19] Sepuluh tapak pernah diisytiharkan terancam tetapi telah hilang status itu; contohnya Kawasan Pemuliharaan Ngorongoro (1984–1989),[20] Taman Negara Pergunungan Rwenzori (1999–2004),[21] dan Tipasa (2002–2006).[22] Taman Negara Garamba dan Timbuktu juga telah kehilangan status tersebut, pada tahun 1992 dan 2005, tetapi memperolehnya semula pada tahun 1996 dan 2012.[23][24] Walaupun terdapat banyak tapak terancam dan isu yang berkisar mengenainya, Tapak-tapak Warisan Dunia Afrika tidak pernah dilucutkan gelarannya, yang hanya pernah berlaku tiga kali.

Tapak Warisan Dunia

Petunjuk

Senarai di bawah mengabaikan takrifan geopolitik UNESCO bagi Afrika dan memasukkan tapak-tapak di "Negara-negara Arab".[25] Mesir termasuk sebagai sebahagian daripada Afrika Utara. Senarai juga terdiri daripada beberapa tapak yang mana negara pihak berada di luar tanah besar, tetapi tapak itu sendiri terletak di dalam Afrika; empat tapak sedemikian terletak di Kepulauan Canaria (milik Sepanyol), satu di Madeira (milik Portugal), satu di Réunion (milik Perancis), dan satu di kepulauan Tristan da Cunha (milik United Kingdom).

Jadual boleh diisih mengikut lajur dengan mengklik di kepala lajur; mengikut abjad angka untuk lajur Tapak, Kawasan dan Tahun; mengikut negara pihak diikuti oleh wilayah atau rantau untuk lajur Lokasi; dan mengikut jenis kriteria diikuti oleh negara untuk lajur Kriteria.
Tapak – dinamakan sempena gelaran rasmi oleh Jawatankuasa Warisan Dunia[1]
Lokasi – diisih mengikut negara, diikuti dengan wilayah pada peringkat rantau atau wilayah. Untuk tapak-tapak multinasional atau berbilang wilayah, nama diisih mengikut abjad.
Kriteria – seperti yang ditakrifkan oleh Jawatankuasa Warisan Dunia[5]
Keluasan – dalam hektar dan ekar, tidak mengira zon penampan. Nilai "—" menandakan bahawa tiada data diterbitkan oleh UNESCO
Tahun - apabila tapak itu telah memasuki Senarai Warisan Dunia
Penerangan – maklumat ringkas tapak, termasuk sebab ia layak menjadi tapak terancam, jika berkaitan
  Templat:Jika kosong Terancam
  * Tapak yang merentas sempadan

Tapak

Tapak Imej Lokasi Kriteria Keluasan

ha (ekar)

Tahun Huraian
Aapravasi Ghat A picture of four rectangular stone structures a few feet high, laid against a wall of a larger height. Daerah Port Louis,

 Mauritius

20°09′31″S 57°30′11″E / 20.158611°S 57.503056°E / -20.158611; 57.503056 (Aapravasi Ghat)

Budaya:

(vi)

7003160000000000000♠0.16 (0.40) 2006 Selepas British menghapuskan perhambaan di Mauritius, Aapravasi Ghat telah dipilih oleh kerajaan British untuk menerima buruh kontrak India ke negara itu untuk bekerja di ladang dan estet gula. Antara tahun 1834 dan 1920, hampir setengah juta pekerja kontrak melalui Port Louis dari India, untuk bekerja di Mauritius ataupun berpindah ke tanah jajahan British yang lain.[26]
Abu MenaTemplat:Jika kosong Photograph of a large, weathered, stone capital resting on the ground, with a low-relief cross enclosed in a cartouche Abusir,

 Mesir

30°50′28″N 29°39′47″E / 30.84098°N 29.663117°E / 30.84098; 29.663117 (Abu Mena)

Budaya:

(iv)

7006182000000000000♠182 (450) 1979 Runtuhan bekas kota suci Kristian ini mempunyai gereja, baptisteri, basilika, bangunan awam, jalan, biara, rumah, dan bengkel, yang dibina di atas makam Menas dari Alexandria.[27] Jawatankuasa Warisan Dunia menetapkan Abu Mena sebagai tapak terancam pada tahun 2001, kerana keruntuhan di kawasan tersebut disebabkan oleh tanah liat di permukaan, yang menjadi separa cecair apabila bertemu dengan "air berlebihan".[28]
Rizab Semula Jadi Air dan TénéréTemplat:Jika kosong Gambar kawasan pasir yang luas di sebelah kanan dan rangkaian gunung di latar belakang. Kenderaan kecil diparkir di sepanjang lubang besar. Bahagian Arlit,

 Niger

18°N 9°E / 18°N 9°E / 18; 9 (Rizab Semula Jadi Air dan Ténéré)

Semula Jadi:

(vii), (ix), (x)

7010773600000000000♠7,736,000 (19,120,000) 1991 Kawasan perlindungan terbesar di Afrika, terletak di padang pasir Sahara Ténéré, terdiri daripada batu gunung berapi Aïr dan poket-poket kecil Sahil terpencil dengan flora dan fauna unik.[29] Rizab alam semula jadi ini diletakkan dalam Senarai Warisan Dunia dalam Bahaya UNESCO pada tahun 1992, kerana peningkatan konflik ketenteraan dan pengambilan tebusan enam kakitangan rizab pada bulan Februari. Penghapusannya daripada senarai ini dipertimbangkan pada tahun 1999, tetapi sehingga tahun 2011, posisinya masih tidak berubah.[30][31]
Aksum Tapak besar yang mengandungi beberapa makam yang sangat tinggi. Wilayah Tigray,

 Habsyah

14°07′49″N 38°43′07″E / 14.130190°N 38.718605°E / 14.130190; 38.718605 (Aksum)

Budaya:

(i), (iv)

— 1980 Runtuhan kota Aksum, yang bertarikh dari abad ke-1 hingga ke-13, menandakan pusat tamadun kuno Ethiopia. Ia termasuk tugu obelisk, stele gergasi, makam diraja, dan runtuhan istana lama.[32]
Al Qal'a Beni Hammad Gambar dinding batu yang teruk, dengan langit biru di latar belakang. Maadid,

 Algeria

35°49′06″N 4°47′13″E / 35.818440°N 4.786840°E / 35.818440; 4.786840 (Al Qal'a dari Beni Hammad)

Budaya:

(iii)

7006150000000000000♠150 (370) 1980 Ibu kota pertama amir-amir Hammadi yang dibentengi awalnya dibina pada tahun 1007 dan dirobohkan pada tahun 1152. Ia menampilkan masjid dengan 8 ruang dan 13 lorong, iaitu antara yang terbesar di Algeria.[33]
Atol Aldabra Photograph of the head and forequarters of a giant tortoise Aldabra Group,

 Seychelles 9°25′00″S 46°25′00″E / 9.416681°S 46.41665°E / -9.416681; 46.41665 (Aldabra Atoll)

Semula Jadi:

(vii), (ix), (x)

7008350000000000000♠35,000 (86,000) 1982 Atol Aldabra terdiri daripada empat pulau karang besar dan sebuah lagun, dikelilingi oleh terumbu karang. Pulau-pulau itu rumah kepada populasi kura-kura gergasi terbesar di dunia.[34]
Perani El Jem A picture of a large stone building, with several framed openings meant to resemble windows. El Djem,

 Tunisia

35°17′47″N 10°42′25″E / 35.296390°N 10.706940°E / 35.296390; 10.706940 (Amphitheatre of El Jem)

Budaya:

(iv), (vi)

7004137000000000000♠1.37 (3.4) 1979 Perani El Jem, yang dibina pada abad ke-3, adalah perani terbesar di Afrika Utara, dan yang terbesar dibina di luar Itali, dengan kapasiti 35,000 penonton, dan "menggambarkan keagungan dan keluasan Rom Imperial".[35]
Tapak Metalurgi Ferus Purba Burkina Faso Douroula,

Tiwêga,

Yamané,

Kindibo,

Békuy,

 Burkina Faso 12°35′16″N 3°19′44″W / 12.5877583°N 3.3289861°W / 12.5877583; -3.3289861 (Ancient Ferrous Metallurgy Sites of Burkina Faso)

Budaya:

(iii), (iv), (vi)

7006122300000000000♠122.3 (302) 2019 Satu siri lima lokasi arkeologi yang tersebar di seluruh negara, diiktiraf kerana kepentingan sejarahnya dalam pembangunan dan amalan teknologi peleburan besi di Afrika. Setiap tapak mengandungi sisa-sisa relau dan ciri-ciri lain yang berkaitan dengan proses pengeluaran besi, mempamerkan inovasi teknologi dan kemahiran penduduk di rantau ini.[36]
Ksour Purba Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt dan Oualata A picture of a tall stone and medieval looking tower, surrounded by buildings constructed with the same material. Chinguetti,

Ouadane,

Oualata,

dan Tichitt,

 Mauritania

20°55′44″N 11°37′25″W / 20.928890°N 11.623610°W / 20.928890; -11.623610 (Ancient Ksour of Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt and Oualata)

Budaya:

(iii), (iv), (v)

— 1996 Ksour Purba Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt dan Oualata
Thebes Purba dengan Nekropolisnya A picture of a ruined temple; outer buildings to the left remain erected, but the wall in the foreground and other stone beams have crumbled. Luxor,

 Mesir 25°44′00″N 32°36′00″E / 25.733330°N 32.600000°E / 25.733330; 32.600000 (Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis)

Budaya:

(i), (iii), (vi)

7007739000000000000♠7,390 (18,300) 1979 Bekas ibu kota Mesir dan kota dewa Mesir Amun, mengandungi relik dari kemuncak Mesir Purba. Kuil-kuil, istana, dan nekropolis Lembah Raja-raja dan Lembah Permaisuri mempunyai "kesaksian yang menakjubkan kepada tamadun Mesir".[37]
Tapak Arkeologi Carthage A picture of several deteriorating stone structures, with two thin cylindrical towers of varying heights standing to the left of the background. Tunis,

 Tunisia 36°51′10″N 10°19′24″E / 36.852780°N 10.323330°E / 36.852780; 10.323330 (Archaeological Site of Carthage)

Budaya:

(ii), (iii), (vi)

7006498000000000000♠498 (1,230) 1979 Diasaskan pada abad ke-9 SM, Carthage telah dibangunkan menjadi sebuah empayar perdagangan yang merangkumi Mediterranean dan, menurut UNESCO, "rumah kepada sebuah tamadun yang cemerlang". Bandar ini telah dimusnahkan pada 146 SM dalam Perang Punik di tangan orang Rom, tetapi kemudiannya dibina semula oleh mereka.[38]
Tapak Arkeologi CyreneTemplat:Jika kosong A picture of a demolished city, located on a cliff looking out to the right. A relatively larger building's beams in the middle of the city continue to stand without a roof. Jebel Akhdar,

 Libya 32°49′30″N 21°51′30″E / 32.825000°N 21.858330°E / 32.825000; 21.858330 (Archaeological Site of Cyrene)

Budaya:

(ii), (iii), (vi)

7006132000000000000♠132 (330) 1982 Tanah jajahan Yunani yang dahulunya telah diromanisasikan dan diubah menjadi ibu kota, sehinggalah ia dimusnahkan oleh gempa bumi 365 Crete. Runtuhan berusia ribuan tahun kekal terkenal sejak abad ke-18. Kesemua lima tapak di Libya, termasuk Cyrene, diletakkan dalam Senarai Warisan Dunia dalam Bahaya UNESCO pada 2016, disebabkan konflik yang berterusan di negara itu.[39]
Tapak Arkeologi Leptis MagnaTemplat:Jika kosong A picture of a large and square-shaped stone monument with a visible entrance on every side. Khoms,

 Libya 32°38′18″N 14°17′35″E / 32.638330°N 14.293060°E / 32.638330; 14.293060 (Archaeological Site of Leptis Magna)

Budaya:

(i), (ii), (iii)

7006387000000000000♠387 (960) 1982 The Roman city of Leptis Magna was enlarged by Emperor Septimius Severus, who was born there. Public monuments, a harbour, a marketplace, storehouses, shops, and homes were among the reasons for its induction into the list.[40] All five sites in Libya, including Leptis Magna, were placed on UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger in 2016, due to ongoing conflict in the country.[41]
Tapak Arkeologi SabrathaTemplat:Jika kosong A side view of a large building to the right, with stone, cylindrical pillars running along its front. Sabratha,

 Libya 32°48′19″N 12°29′06″E / 32.805280°N 12.485000°E / 32.805280; 12.485000 (Archaeological Site of Sabratha)

Budaya:

(iii)

7005910000000000000♠91 (220) 1982 "A Phoenician trading-post that served as an outlet for the products of the African hinterland, Sabratha was part of the short-lived Numidian Kingdom of Massinissa before being Romanized and rebuilt in the 2nd and 3rd centuries."[42] All five sites in Libya, including Sabratha, were placed on UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger in 2016, due to ongoing conflict in the country.[43]
Tapak Arkeologi Volubilis A picture of a rectangular building whose back side has been demolished. A green mountain range fills the background. Meknes,

 Maghribi 34°04′26″N 5°33′25″W / 34.073890°N 5.556940°W / 34.073890; -5.556940 (Archaeological Site of Volubilis)

Budaya:

(ii), (iii), (iv), (vi)

7005420000000000000♠42 (100) 1997 The important Roman outpost of Volubilis was founded in the 3rd century BCE to become the capital of Mauretania. It contained many buildings, the remains of which have survived extensively to this day.[44]
Tapak-tapak Arkeologi Island of Meroe An aerial view of a dozen pyramids in relatively bad shape in the foreground, and a deserted view in the background. Meroë,

 Sudan 16°56′00″N 33°43′00″E / 16.933333°N 33.716667°E / 16.933333; 33.716667 (Archaeological Sites of the Island of Meroe)

Budaya

(ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

7007235700000000000♠2,357 (5,820) 2011 The site was the centre of the Kingdom of Kush, a major force active from the 8th century BCE to the 4th century CE. It is home to pyramids, temples, and domestic buildings, among other vestiges.[45]
Asante Traditional Buildings Kumasi,

 Ghana 6°24′04″N 1°37′33″W / 6.401111°N 1.625833°W / 6.401111; -1.625833 (Asante Traditional Buildings)

Budaya:Asa

(v)

— 1980 The site, north-east of Kumasi, hosts the final intact remains of the Ashanti Empire, which peaked in the 18th century. The dwellings, which are made of earth, wood, and straw, are susceptible to the damages caused by the "onslaught of time and weather".[46]
Asmara: A Modernist African City[c] City of Asmara Maekel,

 Eritrea 15°20′07″N 38°56′09″E / 15.335277777777778°N 38.935833333333335°E / 15.335277777777778; 38.935833333333335 (Asmara)

Budaya:Asm

(ii)(iv)

7006481000000000000♠481 (1,190) 2017 Located at over 2000 metres above sea level, the capital of Eritrea developed from the 1890s onwards as a military outpost for the Italian colonial power. After 1935, Asmara underwent a large scale programme of construction applying the Italian rationalist idiom of the time to governmental edifices, residential and commercial buildings, churches, mosques, synagogues, cinemas, hotels, etc.[47]
Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains SouMpumalanga,

 Afrika Selatan 25°58′26″S 31°00′50″E / 25.973889°S 31.013889°E / -25.973889; 31.013889 (Barberton Makhonjwa)

Semula Jadi:SouBar

(viii)

7009113137000000000♠113,137 (279,570) 2018 The mountains contain the world's oldest geological structures and are known to have preserved volcanic and sedimentary rocks estimated to be between 3.6 and 3.25 billion years old.[48]
Banc d'Arguin National Park A front view of four small ships, without their sails, overlooking the Atlantic Ocean in the background. Three narrow shoals fill the foreground. MauritaniaAzefal

and Nouadhibou,  Mauritania 20°14′05″N 16°06′32″W / 20.234720°N 16.108890°W / 20.234720; -16.108890 (Banc d'Arguin National Park)

Semula Jadi:MauBan

(ix), (x)

7010120000000000000♠1,200,000 (3,000,000) 1989 The park consists of sand dunes, coastal swamps, small islands, and shallow bodies of water, all bordering the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. Birds are often found to migrate in the area, accompanied by various species of sea turtles and dolphins, whose presence fishermen often use to attract fish.[49]
Bassari Country: Bassari, Fula and Bedik Budaya Landscapes A Bedik village with a traditional house and two women working.  Senegal

12°35′36″N 12°50′45″W / 12.593333°N 12.845833°W / 12.593333; -12.845833 (Bassari Country: Bassari, Fula and Bedik Cultural Landscapes)

Budaya:Bas

(iii), (v), (vi)

7008503090000000000♠50,309 (124,320) 2012 This area stands out for its Budaya diversity and the preservation of traditional lifestyles, deeply intertwined with the natural environment. The communities maintain unique Budaya identities, practices, and structures, reflecting their adaptation to the landscape. Their traditional practices, including agriculture, architecture, and religious ceremonies.[50]
Bwindi Impenetrable National Park A view inside of a dense forest with a gorilla roaming a few metres away on its hind legs. Kabale District,

Kisoro District, and Rukungiri District,

 Uganda 1°04′50″S 29°39′41″E / 1.080556°S 29.661389°E / -1.080556; 29.661389 (Bwindi Impenetrable National Park)

Semula Jadi:

(vii), (x)

7008320920000000000♠32,092 (79,300) 1994 Located on the border of plains and mountain forests, the park in south-western Uganda is home to over 160 species of trees, over a hundred species of ferns, and various species of birds and butterflies. Many endangered species are within its boundaries as well, including the mountain gorilla.[51]
Cape Floral Region Protected Areas A view of a forest in the foreground, with a mountain range in the background. Eastern Cape

and Western Cape,  Afrika Selatan 34°21′40″S 18°28′30″E / 34.361111°S 18.475000°E / -34.361111; 18.475000 (Cape Floral Region Protected Areas)

Semula Jadi:

(ix), (x)

7010109474200000000♠1,094,742 (2,705,170) 2004[d] The site consists of eight protected areas that are among the richest in plant life worldwide, containing nearly 20% of Africa's total flora. Its scientific value is demonstrated by the presence of fire and radiation adaptivity in plants and seed dispersal by insects.[52]
Chongoni Rock-Art Area A picture of various red markings on a stone wall. Dedza District,

 Malawi 14°17′36″S 34°16′45″E / 14.293333°S 34.279167°E / -14.293333; 34.279167 (Chongoni Rock-Art Area)

Budaya:MalawiCho

(iii), (vi)

7008126400000000000♠12,640 (31,200) 2006 The 127-site area contains the richest concentration of rock art in Central Africa, ranging from Stone Age paintings to contemporary work from farmers. The symbols depicted in the rock art are strongly centred around women and retain a Budaya significance for the Chewa.[53]
Cidade Velha, Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande A picture of a small monument in front of a large, crooked tree, with a row of small houses in the background. Ribeira Grande,

 Tanjung Verde 14°54′55″N 23°36′19″W / 14.915139°N 23.605194°W / 14.915139; -23.605194 (Cidade Velha, Historic Centre of Ribeira Grande)

Budaya:

(ii), (iii), (vi)

7006209000000000000♠209 (520) 2009 The town, in the south of the island of Santiago, was the first European colonial outpost in the tropics, with remains dating back to the 16th century. Two churches, a royal fortress, and Pillary Square help comprise the tropical town's original street layout.[54]
Cliff of Bandiagara (Land of the Dogons) A view of a small, grassy field in front of a row of trees. A large ledge made of rock fills the background while a small waterfall emerges from the centre-left of its top. Bandiagara Cercle,

 Mali 14°20′00″N 3°25′00″W / 14.333330°N 3.416670°W / 14.333330; -3.416670 (Cliff of Bandiagara (Land of the Dogons))

Mixed:MaliCli

(v), (vii)

7009327390000000000♠327,390 (809,000) 1989 The sandy plateau and cliffs of Bandiagara outline the site, featuring houses, granaries, altars, sanctuaries, and Togu-Na meeting-places. Age-old social traditions such as masks, feasts, rituals, and ancestral worship also add to its Budaya significance.[55]
Comoé National Park A bushbuck stands in a calm river browsing on the thick vegetation along the shore. Zanzan,

 Côte d'Ivoire 9°N 4°W / 9°N 4°W / 9; -4 (Comoé National Park)

Semula Jadi:Com

(ix), (x)

7010115000000000000♠1,150,000 (2,800,000) 1983 Among the largest protected sites of West Africa, the park features the Comoé River and the unique flora which accompanies it.[56] The site was placed on UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger in 2003, due to unrest in Côte d'Ivoire, and various other factors such as poaching, wildfires, lack of proper management of the site, and overgrazing.[57] It was later removed from the list in 2017 following successful efforts to fight poaching, leading to increases in populations of fauna such as elephants and chimpanzees.[58]
Dja Faunal Reserve A long but narrow boat floats on a wide river, with a dense forest bordering the side. CameDja-et-Lobo

and Haut-Nyong,  Cameroon 3°N 13°E / 3°N 13°E / 3; 13 (Dja Faunal Reserve)

Semula Jadi:CameDja

(ix), (x)

7009526000000000000♠526,000 (1,300,000) 1987 Among Africa's largest and best-protected rain forests, the Cameroonian reserve is almost completely surrounded by the Dja River and contains 107 mammal species, of which five are threatened.[59]
Djémila Sétif,

 Algeria 36°19′14″N 5°44′12″E / 36.320560°N 5.736670°E / 36.320560; 5.736670 (Djémila)

Budaya:Dje

(iii), (iv)

7005300000000000000♠30 (74) 1982 The ruins of a Roman town in a mountainous location, including a forum, temples, basilicas, triumphal arches, and houses, each adapted to a location 900 m (3,000 ka) above sea level.[60]
Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary A very small grassy island cramped with white, long-beaked pelicans. Saint-Louis Region,

 Senegal 16°30′00″N 16°10′00″W / 16.500000°N 16.166670°W / 16.500000; -16.166670 (Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary)

Semula Jadi:Djo

(vii), (x)

7008160000000000000♠16,000 (40,000) 1981 The Senegal River delta wetland area consists of streams, lakes, ponds, and backwaters. It is the home to 1.5 million birds, including the great white pelican, the purple heron, the African spoonbill, the great egret, and cormorants. The sanctuary also features crocodiles, African manatees, and other typical Sahelian species.[61] The site was previously on the danger list from 1984 to 1988 due to potential impact from a dam[62][63] and again from 2000 to 2006 due to invasive species.[64][65]
Dougga / Thugga A set of stone seats laid out in a semi-circle to the left overlook a restored stage made up of similar materials to the right. A view of grassy plains precede a wide, mountainous range. Béja Governorate,

 Tunisia 36°25′25″N 9°13′13″E / 36.423610°N 9.220280°E / 36.423610; 9.220280 (Dougga/Thugga)

Budaya:

(ii), (iii)

7005750000000000000♠75 (190) 1997 The site features the ruins of Dougga, a former capital of a Libyan–Punic state, which flourished under Ancient Rome and the Byzantine Empire, but declined in the Islamic period.[66]
Ecosystem and Relict Budaya Landscape of Lopé-Okanda A view of a wide river in the foreground, with a single dirt mountain surrounded by trees in the background. GabOgooué-Ivindo

and Ogooué-Lolo,  Gabon 0°30′N 11°30′E / 0.5°N 11.5°E / 0.5; 11.5 (Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda)

Mixed:GabLop

(iii), (iv), (ix), (x)

7009491291000000000♠491,291 (1,214,010) 2007 The park features well-preserved tropical rain forests and savanna, resulting in a diverse ecosystem consisting of endangered, large mammals.[67]
Ennedi Massif: Natural and Budaya Landscape  Chad

17°02′30″N 21°51′46″E / 17.04167°N 21.86278°E / 17.04167; 21.86278 (Ennedi Massif: Natural and Cultural Landscape)

Mixed:ChaEnn

(iii), (vii), (ix)

7010244120000000000♠2,441,200 (6,032,000) 2016 [68]
Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region A picture of a four-storey stone castle surrounded by a grassy lawn and four cylindrical towers. Amhara Region,

 Habsyah 12°36′25″N 37°27′58″E / 12.606920°N 37.466170°E / 12.606920; 37.466170 (Fasil Ghebbi, Gondar Region)

Budaya:

(ii), (iii)

— 1979 The fortress was the residence of the Ethiopian emperors during the 16th and 17th century. The city remains, which feature buildings with Hindu and Arab influences, were later remodelled with Baroque-style architecture by Jesuit missionaries.[69]
Fort Jesus, Mombasa A fortified, but badly-faded yellow-coloured wall looks off into distant sea to the left. Mombasa,

 Kenya 4°03′46″S 39°40′46″E / 4.062778°S 39.679444°E / -4.062778; 39.679444 (Fort Jesus, Mombasa)

Budaya:

(ii), (iv)

7004236000000000000♠2.36 (5.8) 2011 Fort Jesus is a Portuguese fort built from 1593 to 1596 on Mombasa Island to guard the old port of Mombasa, Kenya. The site's layout follows the Renaissance ideal that the human body is perfectly proportionate.[70]
Forts and Castles, Volta, Greater Accra, Central and Western Regions A picture taken in foggy weather depicting a white, contemporary building several storeys high. Central Region,

Greater Accra, Volta Region, and Western Region,  Ghana 5°14′51″N 0°47′07″W / 5.247398°N 0.785167°W / 5.247398; -0.785167 (Forts and Castles, Volta, Greater Accra, Central and Western Regions)

Budaya:

(vi)

— 1979 The site features the remains of fortified trading posts, built along the Ghanaian coast between 1482 and 1786.[71]
Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa A picture of dozens of pointed limestone formations hanging from a ceiling inside a cave. Gauteng,

Limpopo, and North West,

 Afrika Selatan 24°09′31″S 29°10′37″E / 24.158610°S 29.176940°E / -24.158610; 29.176940 (Fossil Hominid Sites of South Africa)

Budaya:

(iii), (vi)

— 1999[e] The various fossil sites contain traces of human occupation and evolution dating 3.3 million years.[72]
French Austral Lands and Seas FranceCrozet Islands,

Kerguelen Islands, Île Saint-Paul, Île Amsterdam  Perancis 49°22′49″S 69°21′10″E / 49.3803611°S 69.3528056°E / -49.3803611; 69.3528056 (French Austral Lands and Seas)

Semula Jadi:

(vii), (ix), (x)

7011672969000000000♠67,296,900 (166,294,000) 2019 [73]
Garajonay National Park A foggy picture of a rain forest riddled with weeds and various plant life. La Gomera,

 Sepanyol 28°07′34″N 17°14′14″W / 28.126250°N 17.237222°W / 28.126250; -17.237222 (Garajonay National Park)

Semula Jadi:Gara

(vii), (ix)

7007398400000000000♠3,984 (9,840) 1986 Most of the park, in the middle of the island of La Gomera of the Canary Islands, is covered with a lush laurel forest.[74]
Garamba National ParkTemplat:Jika kosong An overhead and cloudy view of a wide, swampy river with grassy plains on both sides. Orientale,

 Republik Demokratik Congo 4°00′N 29°15′E / 4°N 29.25°E / 4; 29.25 (Garamba National Park)

Semula Jadi:Gar

(vii), (x)

7009500000000000000♠500,000 (1,200,000) 1980 The park has vast savannas, grasslands, and woodlands, featuring elephants, giraffes, hippopotamuses, and the white rhinoceros.[75] Garamba was deemed to be endangered following the diminution of the white rhinoceros population in the area,[76] but it was removed from the list in 1991.[77] However, it later regained the status in 1996, when three rangers were killed and the population of white rhinoceros fell once again.[78][79]
Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region A large, square-shaped mound made up of dirt and rock in the middle of a deserted area. SudMeroë,

 Sudan 18°32′00″N 31°49′00″E / 18.533333°N 31.816667°E / 18.533333; 31.816667 (Gebel Barkal and the Sites of the Napatan Region)

Budaya:

(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi)

7006183000000000000♠183 (450) 2003 The five sites in the Nile Valley feature temples that are testimonial to the Napatan and Meroitic cultures.[80]
Gough and Inaccessible Islands A large rock in the distance is surrounded by a dampened and partially snowy field. Saint Helena,

 United Kingdom 40°19′29″S 9°55′43″W / 40.324722°S 9.928611°W / -40.324722; -9.928611 (Gough and Inaccessible Islands)

Semula Jadi:

(vii), (x)

7007790000000000000♠7,900 (20,000) 1995[f] The site represents one of the least-disrupted islands and marine ecosystems in the South Temperate Zone. The cliffs are free of introduced mammals and feature one of the world's largest colonies of seabirds.[81]
Great Zimbabwe National Monument A picture of a semi-spherically shaped stone enclosure sitting in front of a larger wall. ZimMasvingo Province,

 Zimbabwe 20°17′00″S 30°56′00″E / 20.283333°S 30.933333°E / -20.283333; 30.933333 (Great Zimbabwe National Monument)

Budaya:ZimGre

(i), (iii), (vi)

7006722000000000000♠722 (1,780) 1986 The city, now in ruins, was an important trading centre between the 11th and 15th centuries and was capital of the Bantu civilization.[82]
Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town The Harar city wall (jugol). Harari Region,

 Habsyah 9°18′32″N 42°08′16″E / 9.308889°N 42.137778°E / 9.308889; 42.137778 (Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town)

Budaya:Har

(ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

7005480000000000000♠48 (120) 2006 The city is on a plateau and surrounded by gorges and savanna. It contains 82 mosques, 102 shrines, and unique interior design in the townhouses. It is said to be the fourth-holiest city of Islam.[83]
Historic Cairo[g] A front view of a large, white building standing behind a thin palm tree. Cairo,

 Mesir 30°03′00″N 31°15′40″E / 30.050000°N 31.261110°E / 30.050000; 31.261110 (Historic Cairo)

Budaya:His

(i), (v), (vi)

7006524000000000000♠524 (1,290) 1979 One of the world's oldest Islamic cities and in the middle of urban Cairo, the site dates from the 10th century and reached its golden age in the 14th century. It contains mosques, madrasahs, hammams, and fountains.[84]
Historic Centre of Agadez Tchirozerine Department,

 Niger 16°58′25″N 7°59′29″E / 16.973611°N 7.991389°E / 16.973611; 7.991389 (Historic Centre of Agadez)

Budaya:

(ii), (iii)

7005780000000000000♠78 (190) 2013 [85]
Historic City of Meknes A picture of a large gate several metres high covered with various abstract designs. Meknes,

 Maghribi 33°53′00″N 5°33′30″W / 33.883330°N 5.558330°W / 33.883330; -5.558330 (Historic City of Meknes)

Budaya:His

(iv)

— 1996 The former capital was founded in the 11th century and turned into a city with Spanish-Moorish influence during the 17th and 18th centuries.[86]
Historic Town of Grand-Bassam A picture of an old home with large vegetation growing out of it, its structure slightly caving inward. Sud-Comoé,

 Côte d'Ivoire 5°11′45″N 3°44′11″W / 5.195914°N 3.736369°W / 5.195914; -3.736369 (Historic Town of Grand-Bassam)

Budaya:Sud

(iii), (iv)

7006110000000000000♠110 (270) 2012 A colonial town built during the 19th and 20th centuries, Grand-Bassam was the first Ivorian capital following French rule in the region. Its quarters, which specialised in commerce, administration and general housing, helped the city become the economic and judicial hub of the country, in addition to being its most important port.[87]
Ichkeul National Park A view of two large hills and a small beach, partially obstructed from the left by a larger vegetated hill. BiBizerte,

 Tunisia 37°09′49″N 9°40′29″E / 37.163610°N 9.674720°E / 37.163610; 9.674720 (Ichkeul National Park)

Semula Jadi:Ich

(x)

7008126000000000000♠12,600 (31,000) 1980 Ichkeul Lake and the surrounding wetlands is a destination for hundreds of thousands of migrating birds, including ducks, geese, storks, and pink flamingos. It was once part of a chain that extended across North Africa.[88] Previously, the World Heritage Committee had designated Ichkeul National Park as an endangered site in 1996, due to construction of dams that increased the salinity of the lake and reduced its ability to support bird populations.[89] In 2006 it was removed from the endangered list as the lake was no longer used for agriculture, reducing salinity and allowing birds to return.[90]
iSimangaliso Wetland Park[h] A view of a large bed of water near sunset. Onshore to the right is a small shack made of a thin material elevated with wooden poles. KwaZulu-Natal,

 Afrika Selatan 27°50′20″S 32°33′00″E / 27.838890°S 32.550000°E / -27.838890; 32.550000 (iSimangaliso Wetland Park)

Semula Jadi:

(vii), (ix), (x)

7009239566000000000♠239,566 (591,980) 1999 The park features a variety of landforms, including coral reefs, long sandy beaches, coastal dunes, lake systems, and papyrus wetland, caused by fluvial, marine, and aeolian processes.[91]
Island of Gorée A picture with a beige dock in the foreground and a multicoloured city in the background. Dakar Region,

 Senegal 14°40′02″N 17°24′03″W / 14.667220°N 17.400830°W / 14.667220; -17.400830 (Island of Gorée)

Budaya:

(vi)

— 1978 The island was the largest slave-trading centre on the African coast from the 15th to the 19th century.[92]
Island of Mozambique Several small boats float onshore. A white church with a red roof stands several metres away up a sandy path. Nampula,

 Mozambique 15°02′03″S 40°44′09″E / 15.034170°S 40.735830°E / -15.034170; 40.735830 (Island of Mozambique)

Budaya:Isl

(iv), (vi)

7005960000000000000♠96 (240) 1991 The fortified former Portuguese trading post has used the same architectural techniques, style, and materials since the 16th century.[93]
Island of Saint-Louis A somewhat narrow street runs straight between several lightly coloured buildings. Saint-Louis Region,

 Senegal 16°01′40″N 16°30′16″W / 16.027780°N 16.504440°W / 16.027780; -16.504440 (Island of Saint-Louis)

Budaya:

(ii), (iv)

— 2000 The French colonial settlement from the 17th century is on an island in the mouth of the Sénégal River. It played an important role in the culture and economy of West Africa.[94]
Ivindo National Park  Gabon

0°24′22″N 12°38′27″E / 0.406111°N 12.640833°E / 0.406111; 12.640833 (Ivindo National Park)

Semula Jadi:

(ix), (x)

7009298758000000000♠298,758 (738,250) 2021 The park spans a significant area characterized by a mosaic of ecosystems, including rainforests, rivers, and waterfalls, most notably Kongou and Djidji waterfalls. This protected area is home to a veriety of wildlife, including endangered species such as forest elephants, lowland gorillas, and chimpanzees. The park's rivers are vital habitats for freshwater species and play a crucial role in the conservation of aquatic biodiversity in the region.[95]
Kahuzi-Biega National ParkTemplat:Jika kosong A gorilla eating in a shrub. Maniema

and South Kivu,  Republik Demokratik Congo 2°30′S 28°45′E / 2.5°S 28.75°E / -2.5; 28.75 (Kahuzi-Biega National Park)

Semula Jadi:

(x)

7009600000000000000♠600,000 (1,500,000) 1980 The park is dominated by two extinct volcanoes, Kahuzi and Biega. It also has abundant fauna, including the graueria gorillas.[96] The park was deemed to be endangered in 1997 when deforestation and hunting became a major problem. Militia groups and illegal settlers were also settling in the park, while fire and poaching helped justify the World Heritage Committee's decision.[97]
Kairouan A picture with a dozen stone tombs, all of which are enclosed within a large wall. A large tower stands behind the wall several stories high. Kairouan Governorate,

 Tunisia 35°40′54″N 10°06′14″E / 35.681670°N 10.103890°E / 35.681670; 10.103890 (Kairouan)

Budaya:Kai

(i), (ii), (iii), (v), (vi)

7005680000000000000♠68 (170) 1988 The former capital was founded in 670 and flourished in the 9th century. Its heritage includes the Mosque of Uqba and the Mosque of the Three Gates.[98]
Kasbah of Algiers A skyline of a moderately large city, coloured mostly in white. Algiers,

 Algeria 36°47′00″N 3°03′37″E / 36.783330°N 3.060280°E / 36.783330; 3.060280 (Kasbah of Algiers)

Budaya:Kas

(ii), (v)

7005600000000000000♠60 (150) 1992 A unique Islamic city on the Mediterranean coast, the former site overlooks the Carthaginian trading posts of the 4th century BCE. It contains remains of a citadel, old mosques, and Ottoman-style palaces.[99]
Kenya Lake System in the Great Rift Valley An aerial view of a large, grassy plain by the water. A small road zigzags through the field. Rift Valley Province,

 Kenya 0°26′33″N 36°14′24″E / 0.442500°N 36.240000°E / 0.442500; 36.240000 (Kenya Lake System in the Great Rift Valley)

Semula Jadi:Lak

(vii), (ix), (x)

7008320340000000000♠32,034 (79,160) 2011 Located in the Great Rift Valley, Kenya, the site features three lakes: Lake Bogoria, Lake Nakuru, and Lake Elementaita. A highly diverse population of birds, including thirteen threatened species, frequent the area.[100]
Khami Ruins National Monument A black and white photo of a partially ruined wall from above. Matabeleland,

 Zimbabwe 20°09′30″S 28°22′36″E / 20.158333°S 28.376667°E / -20.158333; 28.376667 (Khami Ruins National Monument)

Budaya:ZimKha

(iii), (iv)

— 1986 The city was built after the mid-16th century and was an important trading centre.[101]
ǂKhomani Budaya Landscape SouthNorthern Cape,

 Afrika Selatan 25°41′15″S 20°22′29″E / 25.68761111111111°S 20.374583333333334°E / -25.68761111111111; 20.374583333333334 (ǂKhomani Cultural Landscape)

Budaya:ZimKha

(v), (vi)

7009959100000000000♠959,100 (2,370,000) 2017 "The ǂKhomani Budaya Landscape is located at the border with Botswana and Namibia in the northern part of the country, coinciding with the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park (KGNP). The large expanse of sand contains evidence of human occupation from the Stone Age to the present and is associated with the culture of the formerly nomadic ǂKhomani San people and the strategies that allowed them to adapt to harsh desert conditions."[102]
Kilimanjaro National Park An aerial view of a large mountain's peak, encircled by many thick white clouds. Kilimanjaro Region,

Templat:Country data Tanzania, United Republic of 3°04′00″S 37°22′00″E / 3.066670°S 37.366670°E / -3.066670; 37.366670 (Kilimanjaro National Park)

Semula Jadi:

(vii)

7008755750000000000♠75,575 (186,750) 1987 The volcanic massif Mount Kilimanjaro is Africa's highest point at 5,895 meter (19,341 ka) and is surrounded by a park with savanna and forest featuring numerous mammals.[103]
Kondoa Rock-Art Sites Kondoa district,

Templat:Country data Tanzania, United Republic of 4°43′28″S 35°50′02″E / 4.724444°S 35.833889°E / -4.724444; 35.833889 (Kondoa Rock-Art Sites)

Budaya:Kon

(iii), (vi)

7009233600000000000♠233,600 (577,000) 2006 Two millennia of rock carvings, many of high artistic value, have been found at 150 shelters in the site. They tell the tale of socio-economic development from hunter-gatherer to agro-pastoralism.[104]
Konso Budaya Landscape A Konso Waga sculpture. Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region,

 Habsyah 5°18′N 37°24′E / 5.3°N 37.4°E / 5.3; 37.4 (Konso Cultural Landscape)

Budaya:Kon

(iii), (v)

7008230000000000000♠23,000 (57,000) 2011 The site features 55 kilometer (34 Batu|bt) of stonewalled terraces and fortified settlements in the Konso highlands of Ethiopia.[105]
Koutammakou, the Land of the Batammariba A picture of a large hut resembling a castle, in front of several trees. TogKara Region,

 Togo 10°04′00″N 1°08′00″E / 10.066667°N 1.133333°E / 10.066667; 1.133333 (Koutammakou, the Land of the Batammariba)

Budaya:TogKou

(v), (vi)

7008500000000000000♠50,000 (120,000) 2004 The Batammariba's mud tower houses have become a symbol of Togo. They range up to two stories and feature spherical granaries.[106]
Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou A distant view of a monotonous city on a very slanted hill. Aït Benhaddou,

 Maghribi 31°02′50″N 7°07′44″W / 31.047220°N 7.128890°W / 31.047220; -7.128890 (Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou)

Budaya:Ksa

(iv), (v)

7004300000000000000♠3 (7.4) 1987 The ksar is an example of a traditional pre-Saharan habitat, surrounded by high walls and reinforced with corner towers.[107]
Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites[i] A distant view of very small island home to several thin trees, a brown dock, and a partially obstructed brown shack. Banjul,

Lower Niumi, and Upper Niumi,

 Gambia 13°18′58″N 16°21′26″W / 13.316166°N 16.357194°W / 13.316166; -16.357194 (Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites)

Budaya:Jam

(iii), (vi)

7004800000000000000♠8 (20) 2003 The site is a testimony to the encounters between Africa and Europe from pre-colonial times to independence along the Gambia River.[108]
Lake Malawi National Park Several children are playing beneath a very large tree. A large, uninhabited island is surrounded by water in the background. MalawiCentral Region

and Southern Region,  Malawi 14°02′00″S 34°53′00″E / 14.033330°S 34.883330°E / -14.033330; 34.883330 (Lake Malawi National Park)

Semula Jadi:MalawiLak

(vii), (ix), (x)

7007940000000000000♠9,400 (23,000) 1984 Lake Malawi contains hundreds of fish species, mostly endemic.[109]
Lakes of Ounianga A lake in a desert area, surrounded by sandstone formations. ChadEnnedi Region,

 Chad 19°03′18″N 20°30′20″E / 19.055000°N 20.505556°E / 19.055000; 20.505556 (Lakes of Ounianga)

Semula Jadi:ChadOun

(vii)

7008628080000000000♠62,808 (155,200) 2012 The Lakes of Ounianga are a series of 18 lakes located in the Sahara desert, in North-Eastern Chad. They exhibit a variety of sizes, depths, chemical compositions, and colourations, and some of them are home to aquatic fauna.[110]
Lake Turkana National ParksTemplat:Jika kosong A view of a wide river separating two landmasses, on the left and right. Lake Turkana,

 Kenya 3°03′05″N 36°30′13″E / 3.051306°N 36.503667°E / 3.051306; 36.503667 (Lake Turkana National Parks)

Semula Jadi:Lak

(viii), (x)

7009161485000000000♠161,485 (399,040) 1997[j] Turkana, as Africa's largest saline lake, is an important area for the study of fauna and flora. It is a breeding ground for the Nile crocodile, hippopotamus, and several venomous snakes.[111] The site was placed the List of World Heritage in Danger in 2018, primarily due to the potential impact of Ethiopia's Gilgel Gibe III Dam.[112]
Lamu Old Town An aerial view of a path (that doubles as a wharf) along the coast of a large body of water. Lamu,

 Kenya 2°16′05″S 40°54′07″E / 2.268°S 40.902°E / -2.268; 40.902 (Lamu Old Town)

Budaya:Lam

(ii), (iv), (vi)

7005160000000000000♠16 (40) 2001 The town is the oldest Swahili settlement and is built in coral stone and mangrove timber. It features inner courtyards, verandas, and elaborate wooden doors.[113]
Laurisilva of Madeira A foggy picture of the top of a very dense forest. PorMadeira,

 Portugal 32°46′00″N 17°00′00″W / 32.766667°N 17°W / 32.766667; -17 (Laurisilva of Madeira)

Semula Jadi:PorLau

(ix), (x)

7008150000000000000♠15,000 (37,000) 1999 The site is the largest surviving area of laurel forest. It consists of approximately 90% old-growth forest and is home to endemic species such as the Madeiran long-toed pigeon.[114]
Le Morne Budaya Landscape An aerial view of a sandspit, home to a large, pointy boulder. Shallow water surrounds its sides, while the sea covers its backside. MauritiusRivière Noire District,

 Mauritius 20°27′07″S 57°19′42″E / 20.451944°S 57.328333°E / -20.451944; 57.328333 (Le Morne Cultural Landscape)

Budaya:MauritiusLem

(iii), (vi)

7006349000000000000♠349 (860) 2008 The rugged mountain that juts into the ocean was used as a shelter by runaway slaves through the 18th and early 19th centuries. They formed small settlements in the caves and on its summit.[115]
Lower Valley of the Awash A picture of a waterfall to the right, shooting water into the side of a rapid flowing river. Afar Region,

 Habsyah 11°06′00″N 40°34′46″E / 11.100060°N 40.579390°E / 11.100060; 40.579390 (Lower Valley of the Awash)

Budaya:Low

(ii), (iii), (iv)

— 1980 Palaeontological findings from at least four million years ago, such as Lucy, give evidence of human evolution.[116]
Lower Valley of the Omo The Omo River near Omorati. Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region,

 Habsyah 4°48′00″N 35°58′00″E / 4.8°N 35.966667°E / 4.8; 35.966667 (Lower Valley of the Omo)

Budaya:Low

(iii), (iv)

— 1980 The prehistoric site near Lake Turkana is the location of many fossil findings, such as Homo gracilis.[117]
M'Zab Valley A panoramic view of a large city, with sand dunes filling the background. Ghardaïa,

 Algeria 32°29′00″N 3°41′00″E / 32.483330°N 3.683330°E / 32.483330; 3.683330 (M'Zab Valley)

Budaya:MZa

(ii), (iii), (v)

7006665000000000000♠665 (1,640) 1982 The intact, traditional human habitat was built around five ksour in the 10th century by the Ibadites.[118]
Maloti-Drakensberg Park A ground view of a valley and several mountain tops. LesothXQacha's Nek District,

 Lesotho*; KwaZulu-Natal,  Afrika Selatan* 29°45′55″S 29°07′23″E / 29.765278°S 29.123056°E / -29.765278; 29.123056 (Maloti-Drakensberg Park)

Mixed:SouthUkh

(i), (iii), (vii), (x)

7009249313000000000♠249,313 (616,070) 2000 The park features incisive dramatic cutbacks, golden sandstone ramparts, and the largest concentration of cave art in Sub-Saharan Africa.[119]
Mana Pools National Park, Sapi and Chewore Safari Areas A view of a vegetated plain, with a river flowing in the foreground alongside it. ZimMashonaland West,

 Zimbabwe 15°49′10″S 29°24′29″E / 15.819444°S 29.408056°E / -15.819444; 29.408056 (Mana Pools National Park, Sapi and Chewore Safari Areas)

Semula Jadi:ZimMan

(vii), (ix), (x)

7009676600000000000♠676,600 (1,672,000) 1984 The park, located on the banks of the Zambezi River, features a variety of wild animals, such as buffalo, leopards, cheetahs, and Nile crocodiles.[120]
Manovo-Gounda St Floris National ParkTemplat:Jika kosong CenBamingui-Bangoran,

 Republik Afrika Tengah 9°00′N 21°30′E / 9°N 21.5°E / 9; 21.5 (Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park)

Semula Jadi:CenMan

(ix), (x)

7010174000000000000♠1,740,000 (4,300,000) 1988 The park features vast savannas with a wealth of flora and fauna, such as black rhinoceros, elephants, cheetahs, leopards, wild dogs, red-fronted gazelles, and buffalo.[121] The site was placed on the List of World Heritage in Danger in 1997 due to grazing and poaching that is thought to have claimed 80% of the wildlife in the park. Also cited was the shooting of four park staff and "a general state of deteriorating security".[122]
Mapungubwe Budaya Landscape A picture of a very rocky hill, spanning several hundred metres. Limpopo,

 Afrika Selatan 22°11′33″S 29°14′20″E / 22.192500°S 29.238890°E / -22.192500; 29.238890 (Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape)

Budaya:Map

(ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

7008281680000000000♠28,168 (69,600) 2003 The open savanna landscape lies at the confluence of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers. It was the heart of the Mapungubwe Kingdom until the 14th century, when the area was abandoned, leaving untouched remains of palaces and settlements.[123]
Matobo Hills A leafless tree partially obstructs a sunrise over a large field. ZimMatabeleland South,

 Zimbabwe 20°30′S 28°30′E / 20.5°S 28.5°E / -20.5; 28.5 (Matobo Hills)

Budaya:ZimMat

(iii), (v), (vi)

7009205000000000000♠205,000 (510,000) 2003 The large boulders have been used as natural shelters since the early Stone Age and feature a collection of rock paintings.[124]
Mbanza Kongo, Vestiges of the Capital of the former Kingdom of Kongo ANGZaire Province,

 Angola 6°16′04″S 14°14′53″E / 6.267778°S 14.248056°E / -6.267778; 14.248056 (Mbanza-Kongo)

Budaya:MedinaofMarra

(iii), (iv)

7005892900000000000♠89.29 (220.6) 2017 The town of Mbanza Kongo, located on a plateau at an altitude of 570 metres, was the political and spiritual capital of the Kingdom of Kongo, one of the largest constituted states in Southern Africa from the 14th to 19th centuries.[125]
Medina of Essaouira (formerly Mogador) A seaside view of a large city enclosed by an orange barricade. Essaouira,

 Maghribi 31°31′00″N 9°46′10″W / 31.516670°N 9.769440°W / 31.516670; -9.769440 (Medina of Essaouira (formerly Mogador))

Budaya:Ess

(ii), (iv)

7005570000000000000♠57 (140) 2001 The fortified seaport built during the late 18th century has a mix of North African and European architecture and was a major trading hub between the Sahara and Europe.[126]
Medina of Fez A picture of a sun-lit back alley with trash scattered across the area. Various buildings of varying architecture are clearly visible. Fez,

 Maghribi 34°03′40″N 4°58′40″W / 34.061110°N 4.977780°W / 34.061110; -4.977780 (Medina of Fez)

Budaya:MedinaofFez

(ii), (v)

7006280000000000000♠280 (690) 1981 The former capital was founded in the 9th century and features the world's oldest university. The urban fabric and main monuments date from the 13th and 14th centuries.[127]
Medina of Marrakesh A ground view of an artificially lit tower, reaching several storeys high, at the beginning of a sunset. Marrakesh,

 Maghribi 31°37′53″N 7°59′12″W / 31.631390°N 7.986670°W / 31.631390; -7.986670 (Medina of Marrakesh)

Budaya:MedinaofMarra

(i), (ii), (iv), (v)

7007110700000000000♠1,107 (2,740) 1985 The town was founded in the 1070s and remained a political, economic, and Budaya centre for a long time. Monuments from that period include the Koutoubia Mosque, the kasbah, and the battlements. The city also holds newer features, including palaces.[128]
Medina of Sousse An aerial view of a town square. The inside of a large, square building is visible. Sousse Governorate,

 Tunisia 35°49′40″N 10°38′19″E / 35.827780°N 10.638610°E / 35.827780; 10.638610 (Medina of Sousse)

Budaya:

(iii), (iv), (v)

7005320000000000000♠32 (79) 1988 A prime example of a town from the early Islamic period, the city was an important port during the 9th century.[129]
Medina of Tétouan (formerly known as Titawin) A picture of a very large and cramped city, set on a very slanted hill. Tétouan,

 Maghribi 35°34′15″N 5°22′00″W / 35.570830°N 5.366670°W / 35.570830; -5.366670 (Medina of Tétouan (formerly known as Titawin))

Budaya:

(ii), (iv), (v)

7004700000000000000♠7 (17) 1997 Morocco's most complete medina served as the main point of contact between Morocco and Andalusia during the 8th century. The town was rebuilt by Andalusian refugees following the reconquista.[130]
Medina of Tunis A picture of the lobby inside a luxurious building. Tunis,

 Tunisia 36°49′00″N 10°10′00″E / 36.816670°N 10.166670°E / 36.816670; 10.166670 (Medina of Tunis)

Budaya:

(ii), (iii), (v)

7006296000000000000♠296 (730) 1979 The medina holds 700 monuments, including palaces, mosques, mausoleums, madrasahs, and fountains, testifying to Tunis's golden age from the 12th to the 16th century.[131]
Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur A picture of several pyramids of varying heights side-to-side. Giza,

 Mesir 29°58′34″N 31°07′49″E / 29.976040°N 31.130410°E / 29.976040; 31.130410 (Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur)

Budaya:

(i), (iii), (vi)

7008163580000000000♠16,358 (40,420) 1979 The former capital features funerary monuments, like rock tombs, mastabas, temples, and pyramids. It is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.[132]
Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls A view of dozens of waterfalls side-by-side crashing into the water below. A rainbow forms at the right. Livingstone District

and Matabeleland North,  Zambia*;  Zimbabwe* 17°55′28″S 25°51′19″E / 17.924530°S 25.855390°E / -17.924530; 25.855390 (Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls)

Semula Jadi:

(vii), (viii)

7007686000000000000♠6,860 (17,000) 1989 The falls of the Zambezi River, which is more than 2 km (1.2 bt) wide, plunge down various basalt gorges resulting in a colourful mist.[133]
Mount Kenya National Park/Natural Forest A view of a very slanted and lengthy hill leading to a very foggy top. Central Province

and Eastern Province,  Kenya 0°09′18″N 37°18′56″E / 0.155000°N 37.315556°E / 0.155000; 37.315556 (Mount Kenya National Park/Natural Forest)

Semula Jadi:

(vii), (ix)

7009202334000000000♠202,334 (499,980) 1997[k] The park surrounds the 5,199 m (17,057 ka) Mount Kenya and features twelve glaciers.[134]
Mount Nimba Strict Nature ReserveTemplat:Jika kosong A chimpanzee in a tree. Lola Prefecture,

 Côte d'Ivoire*;  Guinea* 7°36′11″N 8°23′27″W / 7.603180°N 8.390970°W / 7.603180; -8.390970 (Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve)

Semula Jadi:

(ix), (x)

7008175400000000000♠17,540 (43,300) 1981[l] The reserve features Mount Nimba, its slopes covered in dense forest and grassy mountain pastures.[135] In 1992, the park was inscribed on the World Heritage Committee's danger list, citing a proposed iron and ore mining concession inside the park's boundaries and the apparition of refugees. The state party later stated that there was an error with the proposed mining site's boundaries and that it was not in the reserve.[136] However, as of 2019, the site remains on the list due to mining activity near the site.[137]
Namib Sand Sea  Namibia

24°53′07″S 15°24′28″E / 24.885278°S 15.407778°E / -24.885278; 15.407778 (Namib Sand Sea)

Semula Jadi:

(vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

7010307770000000000♠3,077,700 (7,605,000) 2013 Characterized by dynamic and extensive dune fields, which are among the oldest and largest in the world. The Namib Sand Sea is notable for its unique ecosystem, which has adapted to extreme arid conditions, including a variety of endemic species that rely on fog as a primary source of moisture. [138]
Ngorongoro Conservation Area Two rhinos walk alongside each other in an empty field, with shadowed mountain ranges in the background. Arusha Region,

Templat:Country data Tanzania, United Republic of 3°11′14″S 35°32′27″E / 3.187220°S 35.540830°E / -3.187220; 35.540830 (Ngorongoro Conservation Area)

Mixed:Ngo

(iv)[m], (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

7009809440000000000♠809,440 (2,000,200) 1979 The site features a concentration of wild animals in a crater beside the active volcano Oldonyo Lengai.[139] Ngorongoro was previously on the danger list from 1984 to 1989 due to decreased conservation and poor management.[140][141]
Niokolo-Koba National ParkTemplat:Jika kosong A bird's eye view of a river running through a forested plain. Kédougou Region

and Tambacounda Region,  Senegal 13°04′00″N 12°43′00″W / 13.066670°N 12.716670°W / 13.066670; -12.716670 (Niokolo-Koba National Park)

Semula Jadi:Nio

(x)

7009913000000000000♠913,000 (2,260,000) 1981 The forests and savannas bordering the Gambia River have a diverse fauna, including Derby eland, chimpanzees, lions, birds, reptiles, and amphibians.[142] The park was listed as being endangered in 2007 for low mammal populations, the construction of a dam, and management problems.[143]
Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae A picture of a large, trapezoidal-shaped stone monument. Aswan,

 Mesir 22°20′11″N 31°37′34″E / 22.336390°N 31.626110°E / 22.336390; 31.626110 (Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae)

Budaya:Nub

(i), (iii), (vi)

7006374000000000000♠374 (920) 1979 Located along the Nile, the site contains monuments such as the Temple of Ramesses II and the Sanctuary of Isis.[144]
Okapi Wildlife ReserveTemplat:Jika kosong River lined by tropical vegetation. Many stones are found in the river. Orientale,

 Republik Demokratik Congo 2°00′N 28°30′E / 2°N 28.5°E / 2; 28.5 (Okapi Wildlife Reserve)

Semula Jadi:Oka

(x)

7010137262500000000♠1,372,625 (3,391,830) 1996 Covering a fifth of the Ituri Rainforest in the Congo River basin, the reserve contains many threatened species of primates and birds. It is inhabited by the nomadic pygmy Mbuti and Efé tribes.[145] In 1997, looting, the killing of elephants, and the departure of reserve staff led the World Heritage Committee to place the reserve on its List of World Heritage in Danger, only a year following its inscription as a natural heritage site.[146]
Okavango Delta Areal view of Okavango Delta Bot Okavango,

 Botswana 19°17′00″S 22°54′00″E / 19.283333°S 22.9°E / -19.283333; 22.9 (Okavango Delta)

Semula Jadi:Oka

(vii), (ix), (x)

7010202359000000000♠2,023,590 (5,000,400) 2014 One of the world's largest inland deltas and a UNESCO World Heritage site. Formed where the Okavango River empties onto a basin in the Kalahari Desert, creating a unique wetland system that supports a rich diversity of fauna and flora. This dynamic ecosystem is characterized by seasonal flooding, which transforms the landscape into a mosaic of water channels, lagoons, and islands. The delta is home to an exceptional variety of wildlife, including elephants, lions, rhinos, and hundreds of bird species, making it a crucial habitat for conservation and a hotspot for biodiversity.[147]
Old Towns of DjennéTemplat:Jika kosong A large mud stone castle with hundreds of wooden poles sticking out around its upper half. iDjenné,

 Mali 13°54′23″N 4°33′18″W / 13.906390°N 4.555000°W / 13.906390; -4.555000 (Old Towns of Djenné)

Budaya:

(iii), (iv)

— 1988 Inhabited since 250 BCE, the city was an important link in the trans-Saharan gold trade. It contains 2,000 traditional houses.[148] Djenné was placed on UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger in 2016, due to deterioration, urbanization, and erosion of the site.[149]
Old Town of GhadamèsTemplat:Jika kosong A picture of a man standing in the middle of a hallway made of limestone. Ghadames,

 Libya 30°08′00″N 9°30′00″E / 30.133333°N 9.5°E / 30.133333; 9.5 (Old Town of Ghadamès)

Budaya:

(v)

7005380000000000000♠38 (94) 1986 Located in an oasis, dames is one of the oldest pre-Saharan cities and represents a traditional architecture with vertical division of functions.[150] All five sites in Libya, including Ghadames, were placed on UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger in 2016, due to ongoing conflict in the country.[151]
Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove A picture of an abstract-looking hut. Osogbo,

 Nigeria 7°45′20″N 4°33′08″E / 7.755560°N 4.552220°E / 7.755560; 4.552220 (Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove)

Budaya:Osu

(ii), (iii), (vi)

7005750000000000000♠75 (190) 2005 The dense forests are one of the final remnants of high forests in southern Nigeria. It is the last sacred grove of the Yoruba culture.[152]
Pitons, cirques and remparts of Reunion Island An overhead view of an island filled with high-altitude peaks. FraLa Réunion,

 Perancis 21°05′58″S 55°28′48″E / 21.099444°S 55.480000°E / -21.099444; 55.480000 (Pitons, cirques and remparts of Reunion Island)

Semula Jadi:Por

(vii), (x)

7009105838000000000♠105,838 (261,530) 2010 Outstanding terrain and biodiversity, as part of La Réunion National Park.[153]
Portuguese City of Mazagan (El Jadida) A panoramic view of a large city, largely coloured beige. El Jadida,

 Maghribi 33°15′24″N 8°30′07″W / 33.256670°N 8.501940°W / 33.256670; -8.501940 (Portuguese City of Mazagan (El Jadida))

Budaya:Por

(ii), (iv)

7004800000000000000♠8 (20) 2004 The fortification, akin to Renaissance military design from the early 16th century, was taken over by Morocco in 1769. Surviving buildings include the cistern and a Gothic church.[154]
Punic Town of Kerkuane and its Necropolis A picture of four stone pillars which once held up a house. Nabeul Governorate,

 Tunisia 36°56′47″N 11°05′57″E / 36.946390°N 11.099170°E / 36.946390; 11.099170 (Punic Town of Kerkuane and its Necropolis)

Budaya:Pun

(iii)

7003110000000000000♠0.11 (0.27) 1985[n] The city was abandoned in 250 BCE during the First Punic War and is the only surviving example of a Phoenicio–Punic settlement.[155]
Rabat, Modern Capital and Historic City: a Shared Heritage A large, architecturally detailed entrance to a big palace. Several guards are posted out front. Rabat-Salé-Zemmour-Zaer,

 Maghribi 34°01′27″N 6°49′22″W / 34.024167°N 6.822778°W / 34.024167; -6.822778 (Rabat, Modern Capital and Historic City: a Shared Heritage)

Budaya:Rab

(ii), (iv)

7006349000000000000♠349 (860) 2012 Rebuilt under the direction of the French from 1912 to the 1930s, the city blends historic and modern features, such as botanical gardens, the Hassan Mosque, and the remnants of Moorish and Andalusian settlements from the 17th century.[156]
Rainforests of the AtsinananaTemplat:Jika kosong A picture of a very small river running through a dense forest. Several mountains fill the background. Eastern Madagascar,

 Madagaskar 14°27′35″S 49°42′09″E / 14.459722°S 49.702500°E / -14.459722; 49.702500 (Rainforests of the Atsinanana)

Semula Jadi:Rai

(ix), (x)

7009479660000000000♠479,660 (1,185,300) 2007 The site consists of six national parks and protects the island's unique biodiversity, which has evolved in isolation for 60 million years.[157] The park was deemed to be in danger in 2010, when logging and hunting activities continued to escalate, despite a ban by Madagascar on exporting illegal timber.[158]
Richtersveld Budaya and Botanical Landscape A picture of several shrubs obstructing a view of a large desert. Northern Cape,

 Afrika Selatan 28°36′00″S 17°12′14″E / 28.6°S 17.203889°E / -28.6; 17.203889 (Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape)

Budaya:

(iv), (v)

7009160000000000000♠160,000 (400,000) 2007 The mountainous desert sustains the semi-nomadic livelihood of the Nama, which includes seasonal migrations that have gone unchanged for two millennia.[159]
Risco Caido and the Sacred Mountains of Gran Canaria Budaya Landscape SpainRisco Caído,

 Sepanyol 28°02′40″N 15°39′40″W / 28.0443889°N 015.6611944°W / 28.0443889; -015.6611944 (Risco Caído and the Sacred Mountains of Gran Canaria Cultural Landscape)

Budaya:

(iii), (v)

7007942500000000000♠9,425 (23,290) 2019 [160]
Robben Island A view of a moderately fortified prison and a guard tower. Western Cape,

 Afrika Selatan 33°48′00″S 18°22′00″E / 33.8°S 18.366667°E / -33.8; 18.366667 (Robben Island)

Budaya:Rob

(iii), (vi)

7006475000000000000♠475 (1,170) 1999 Between the 17th and 20th century, the island was used as a prison, including for political prisoners, a hospital for socially unacceptable groups, and a military base.[161]
Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart AcacusTemplat:Jika kosong A drawing of a giraffe on a cave wall. Fezzan,

 Libya 24°50′00″N 10°20′00″E / 24.833330°N 10.333330°E / 24.833330; 10.333330 (Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus)

Budaya:Roc

(iii)

7010392396100000000♠3,923,961 (9,696,320) 1985 Thousands of cave paintings are visible in different styles, dating from 12,000 BCE to 100 CE.[162] All five sites in Libya, including Tadrart Acacus, were placed on UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger in 2016, due to ongoing conflict in the country.[163]
Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela A picture of a pick-coloured building intact inside of a large, square hole. Amhara Region,

 Habsyah 12°01′46″N 39°02′26″E / 12.029350°N 39.040420°E / 12.029350; 39.040420 (Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela)

Budaya:Roc

(i), (ii), (iii)

— 1978 The site contains eleven medieval cave churches from the 13th century.[164]
Royal Hill of Ambohimanga A picture of a fortified wall and gate between two trees. Antananarivo,

 Madagaskar 18°45′33″S 47°33′46″E / 18.759170°S 47.562780°E / -18.759170; 47.562780 (Royal Hill of Ambohimanga)

Budaya:Roy

(iii), (iv), (vi)

7005590000000000000♠59 (150) 2001 The royal city and burial site is a spiritual and sacred site which has created strong feelings of national identity for several centuries.[165]
Royal Palaces of Abomey A picture of a beige-coloured dirt courtyard with a shack in the corner. Zou Department,

 Benin 7°11′00″N 1°59′00″E / 7.183333°N 1.983333°E / 7.183333; 1.983333 (Royal Palaces of Abomey)

Budaya:Roy

(iii), (iv)

7005480000000000000♠48 (120) 1985 The city held the seat of twelve kings who ruled the Kingdom of Dahomey between 1625 and 1900. All but one king built their palace within the area.[166] The site was originally classified as endangered from its inception in 1985 due to extensive damage caused by a tornado,[167] but was later removed from the list in 2007.[168]
Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara Vault of a ramshackled and possibly ruined building. Kilwa District,

Templat:Country data Tanzania, United Republic of 8°57′28″S 39°31′22″E / 8.957780°S 39.522780°E / -8.957780; 39.522780 (Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara)

Budaya:Rui

(iii)

— 1981 The site features the remains of two ports used extensively for trade across the Indian Ocean from the 13th through 16th centuries.[169] It was placed onto the List of World Heritage in Danger by the World Heritage Committee in 2004, citing "the continuing deterioration and the serious threats affecting the property of the Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara".[170] Conditions subsequently improved and the site was removed from the World Heritage in Danger list in 2014.[171]
Ruins of Loropéni BurLoropéni,

 Burkina Faso 10°15′00″N 3°35′00″W / 10.25°N 3.583333°W / 10.25; -3.583333 (Ruins of Loropéni)

Budaya:BurRui

(iii)

7004110000000000000♠1.1 (2.7) 2009 More than a thousand years old, Loropéni is the best-preserved of ten fortresses in Lobi, which were part of about a hundred stone enclosures built during the trans-Saharan gold trade.[172]
Rwenzori Mountains National Park A panoramic view of a slightly foggy plain, with mountains filling the background. UgandaBundibugyo District,

Kabarole District, and Kasese District,

 Uganda 0°13′25″N 29°55′27″E / 0.223611°N 29.924167°E / 0.223611; 29.924167 (Rwenzori Mountains National Park)

Semula Jadi:UgandaRuw

(vii), (x)

7008996000000000000♠99,600 (246,000) 1994 Covering most of the Rwenzori Mountains, including Mount Margherita, Africa's third-highest peak, the park features glaciers, waterfalls, and lakes in an alpine landscape. It also features various endangered species and unusual flora.[173] The park was previously listed as endangered from 1999 through 2004 due to general lack of security and conservation.[174][175]
Sacred Mijikenda Kaya Forests Two women discuss beside two very long tree roots in a forest. Coast Province,

 Kenya 3°55′55″S 39°35′46″E / 3.931944°S 39.596111°E / -3.931944; 39.596111 (Sacred Mijikenda Kaya Forests)

Budaya:Sac

(iii), (v), (vi)

7007153800000000000♠1,538 (3,800) 2008 The site comprises eleven forests spread 200 km (120 bt) along the coast of Kenya. They hold the remains of villages built during the 16th century by the Mijikenda and are now considered sacred sites.[176]
Saint Catherine Area A distant view of a very small city enclosed within stone walls. Behind it is a very rocky slope. South Sinai Governorate,

 Mesir 28°33′22″N 33°58′32″E / 28.556230°N 33.975430°E / 28.556230; 33.975430 (Saint Catherine Area)

Budaya:Sai

(i), (iii), (iv), (vi)

7008601000000000000♠60,100 (149,000) 2002 The orthodox monastery from the 6th century is positioned near Mount Horeb where, according to the Old Testament, Moses received the Tablets of the Law. The region is sacred for Christians, Muslims, and Jews.[177]
Salonga National Park A river meandering through a wooded plain. Maniema

and South Kivu,  Republik Demokratik Congo 2°S 21°E / 2°S 21°E / -2; 21 (Salonga National Park)

Semula Jadi:Sal

(vii), (ix)

7010360000000000000♠3,600,000 (8,900,000) 1984 Africa's largest tropical rain forest reserve is situated at the heart of the Congo River basin and only accessible by water. It is the habitat of endangered species such as the bonobo, the Congo peafowl, the forest elephant, and the slender-snouted crocodile.[178] The site was deemed to be in danger in 1999, due to increased poaching activities and encroachments.[179] However, this categorization was eventually removed in 2021 due to increased conservation efforts.[180]
Saloum Delta An aerial view of a river zigzagging sharply through a damp field.  Senegal

13°50′07″N 16°29′55″W / 13.835278°N 16.498611°W / 13.835278; -16.498611 (Saloum Delta)

Budaya:Sal

(iii), (iv), (v)

7009145811000000000♠145,811 (360,310) 2011 The area has sustained human life thanks to fishing and shellfish gathering, for which there are 218 shellfish mounds across the site.[181]
Sanganeb Marine National Park and Dungonab Bay – Mukkawar Island Marine National Park SudSan Sudan

19°44′10″N 37°26′35″E / 19.73611°N 37.44306°E / 19.73611; 37.44306 (Sanganeb Marine National Park and Dungonab Bay – Mukkawar Island Marine National Park)

Semula Jadi:SdnSan

(vii), (ix), (x)

7009260700000000000♠260,700 (644,000) 2016 Situated in the central Red Sea, Sanganeb, Dungonab Bay, and Mukkawar Island feature a diverse system of coral reefs, mangroves, seagrass beds, beaches, and islets. They host populations of seabirds, marine mammals, fish, sharks, turtles, manta rays, and dugongs.[182]
San Cristóbal de la Laguna A modern plaza with many large trees and a fountain in the middle. Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife,

 Sepanyol 28°28′40″N 16°18′42″W / 28.477889°N 16.311778°W / 28.477889; -16.311778 (San Cristóbal de La Laguna)

Budaya:San

(ii), (iv)

7005600000000000000♠60 (150) 1999 The city contains two centres: the unplanned Upper Town; and the planned Lower Town, laid out according to philosophical principles. Many of the buildings date from the 16th to the 18th centuries.[183]
Sangha Trinational A gorilla wading in waist-deep water with its arms outstretched and holding an object in its right hand. The water is surrounded by thick vegetation.  Cameroon*;

 Republik Afrika Tengah*;  Congo* 2°36′34″N 16°33′15″E / 2.609444°N 16.554167°E / 2.609444; 16.554167 (Sangha Trinational)

Semula Jadi:

(ix), (x)

7009746309000000000♠746,309 (1,844,170) 2012 This area encompasses national parks and reserves including Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park in Congo, Lobéké National Park in Cameroon, and Dzanga-Ndoki National Park in the Central African Republic. The Sangha Trinational is celebrated for its exceptional biodiversity, the area also supports the traditional and sustainable livelihoods of indigenous peoples, including the Ba'Aka pygmies, who have lived in harmony with this forest for thousands of years. [184]
Selous Game ReserveTemplat:Jika kosong Five elephants drinking from a flooded field from afar. Lindi Region,

Morogoro Region, Mtwara Region, Pwani Region, and Ruvuma Region,

Templat:Country data Tanzania, United Republic of 9°00′S 37°24′E / 9°S 37.4°E / -9; 37.4 (Selous Game Reserve)

Semula Jadi:

(ix), (x)

7010512000000000000♠5,120,000 (12,700,000) 1982 The park's vegetation varies from dense thickets to open wooded grasslands and features large numbers of elephants, black rhinoceros, cheetahs, giraffes, hippos, and crocodiles.[185] It was placed onto the List of World Heritage in Danger by the World Heritage Committee in 2014 due to widespread poaching, especially of elephants and rhinoceros.[186]
Serengeti National Park A family of zebras walking through a plain, with four elephants and a few trees wandering in the background. Arusha Region,

Mara Region, and Shinyanga Region,

Templat:Country data Tanzania, United Republic of 2°20′00″S 34°34′00″E / 2.333330°S 34.566670°E / -2.333330; 34.566670 (Serengeti National Park)

Semula Jadi:

(vii), (x)

7010147630000000000♠1,476,300 (3,648,000) 1981 The vast savanna is known for the annual migration for herds of wildebeest, gazelle, zebras, and their predators.[187]
Simien National Park A mountain landscape with deep precipices. Amhara Region,

 Habsyah 13°11′00″N 38°04′00″E / 13.183333°N 38.066667°E / 13.183333; 38.066667 (Simien National Park)

Semula Jadi:Sem

(vii), (x)

7008136000000000000♠13,600 (34,000) 1978 The eroded Ethiopian plateau comprises jagged mountain peaks, deep valleys, and sharp precipices dropping about 1,500 m (4,900 ka).[188] The decrease of the walia ibex, bushbuck, and bushpig populations, as well as an increase of the human population in the park, prompted the World Heritage Committee to place it on their List of World Heritage in Danger in 1996.[189] However, the park was removed from the danger list in 2017 after improvements in management and reduction of overgrazing.[190]
Stone Circles of Senegambia A picture of several mounds of dirt. Central River Division

and Kaolack Region,  Gambia*;  Senegal* 13°41′28″N 15°31′21″W / 13.691111°N 15.522500°W / 13.691111; -15.522500 (Stone Circles of Senegambia)

Budaya:

(i), (iii)

7005100000000000000♠10 (25) 2006 The groups of stone circles are among over 1,000 different monuments along the Gambia River. Used as burial grounds, they were erected between the 3rd century BCE and the 16th century CE.[191]
Stone Town of Zanzibar A distant view of a very large and luxurious building near a wide river. Zanzibar,

Templat:Country data Tanzania, United Republic of 6°09′47″S 39°11′21″E / 6.163060°S 39.189170°E / -6.163060; 39.189170 (Stone Town of Zanzibar)

Budaya:

(ii), (iii), (vi)

7005960000000000000♠96 (240) 2000 A prime example of an East African coastal trading town, its urban fabric and townscape remain intact.[192]
Sudanese style mosques in northern Côte d’Ivoire  Côte d'Ivoire

10°29′25″N 6°24′37″W / 10.490317°N 6.410167°W / 10.490317; -6.410167 (Sudanese style mosques in northern Côte d’Ivoire)

Budaya:SudMos

(ii), (iv)

7003130000000000000♠0.13 (0.32) 2021 [193]
Sukur Budaya Landscape A landscape view of a series of rocky valleys. Madagali,

 Nigeria 10°44′26″N 13°34′19″E / 10.740560°N 13.571940°E / 10.740560; 13.571940 (Sukur Cultural Landscape)

Budaya:Suk

(iii), (v), (vi)

7006764000000000000♠764 (1,890) 1999 The site features the Palace of the Hidi, terraced fields, and the remains of a former iron industry.[194]
Taï National Park Guiglo

and Sassandra,  Côte d'Ivoire 5°45′00″N 7°07′00″W / 5.750000°N 7.116667°W / 5.750000; -7.116667 (Taï National Park)

Semula Jadi:

(vii), (x)

7009330000000000000♠330,000 (820,000) 1982 One of few remaining sections of the West African tropical forest, the park features rich flora as well as eleven species of monkeys.[195]
Tassili n'Ajjer A picture of a very faint drawing of an elephant and a giraffe on a cave wall. Illizi

and Tamanrasset,  Algeria 25°30′N 9°00′E / 25.5°N 9°E / 25.5; 9 (Tassili n'Ajjer)

Mixed:Tas

(i), (iii), (vii), (viii)

7010720000000000000♠7,200,000 (18,000,000) 1982 The site is in a landscape with 15,000 cave engravings that record climatic changes, animal migrations, and the evolution of human life, dating from 6,000 BCE to the first centuries CE.[196]
Teide National Park A ground view of a mountain top, obstructed by a few low-level clouds. Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife,

 Sepanyol 28°16′17″N 16°38′37″W / 28.271389°N 16.643611°W / 28.271389; -16.643611 (Teide National Park)

Semula Jadi:Tei

(vii), (viii)

7008189900000000000♠18,990 (46,900) 2007 The national park features the Teide stratovolcano, which at 3,718 m (12,198 ka) is Spain's tallest mountain and the world's third-tallest volcano.[197]
Thimlich Ohinga Archaeological Site A picture of a stone wall with a gate. Migori County,

 Kenya 0°53′28″S 34°19′31″E / 0.891101°S 34.325173°E / -0.891101; 34.325173 (Thimlich Ohinga)

Budaya:Thi

(iii), (iv), (v)

7005210000000000000♠21 (52) 2018 Dating back to the 16th century CE, the dry-stone walled settlement is the largest and best-preserved traditional enclosure of its kind.[198]
TimbuktuTemplat:Jika kosong A picture of a very small pyramid with dozens of wooden poles sticking out around it. MaliTimbuktu Cercle,

 Mali 16°46′24″N 2°59′58″W / 16.773333°N 2.999444°W / 16.773333; -2.999444 (Timbuktu)

Budaya:MaliTim

(ii), (iv), (v)

— 1988 The city was a centre for the propagation of Islam in the 15th and 16th centuries and features three mosques and many madrasahs.[199] The site was deemed endangered in 1990 due to encroaching sand,[200] but was removed from the list in 2005 after successful conservation efforts.[201] The site was once again deemed endangered after the Battle of Gao in June 2012, which followed several weeks of constant threats to the area.[202] Days later, some sites within Timbuktu were destroyed by Ansar Dine, an Islamist group, citing religious reasons.[203]
Timgad A picture of a city ruins and a still-standing building near the back. Batna Province,

 Algeria 35°29′03″N 6°28′07″E / 35.484167°N 6.468611°E / 35.484167; 6.468611 (Timgad)

Budaya:Tim

(ii), (iii), (iv)

7005905400000000000♠90.54 (223.7) 1982 A military colony built by Emperor Trajan in 100 CE, the site features cardo and decumanus streets, typical of a Roman town.[204]
Tipasa A mosaic made of tiles covers the ground of a small square near a grave site. Tipaza,

 Algeria 36°35′31″N 2°26′58″E / 36.591944°N 2.449444°E / 36.591944; 2.449444 (Tipasa)

Budaya:Tip

(iii), (iv)

7005520000000000000♠52 (130) 1982 First a Carthaginian trading centre, Tipasa was converted into a military base by the Romans. Heavy Christian influences can be seen from the 3rd and 4th centuries, though Tipasa went into steady decline in the Byzantine period.[205] Tipasa was classified as endangered in 2002 due to natural and human-caused deterioration of the archaeological remains,[206] but was removed from the list in 2006 due to improved protection of the site.[207]
Tiya A view of several tombstones lined up side-by-side. Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region,

 Habsyah 8°26′06″N 38°36′44″E / 8.434910°N 38.612100°E / 8.434910; 38.612100 (Tiya)

Budaya:Tiy

(i), (iv)

— 1980 The archaeological site contains 36 monuments, which includes 32 carved stelae covered with symbols hard to decrypt.[208]
Tomb of AskiaTemplat:Jika kosong A large dirt mound shaped like a pyramid with sticks sticking out around it. MaliGao Region,

 Mali 16°17′23″N 0°02′40″E / 16.289800°N 0.044560°E / 16.289800; 0.044560 (Tomb of Askia)

Budaya:MaliTom

(ii), (iii), (iv)

7004400000000000000♠4 (9.9) 2004 Built in 1495, the pyramid was built as a tomb for Emperor Askia Mohamed. It represents the power of an empire that controlled the trans-Saharan gold trade.[209] The site was deemed endangered after the Battle of Gao in June 2012, which followed several weeks of constant threats to the area.[210]
Tombs of Buganda Kings at KasubiTemplat:Jika kosong A picture of a dome-shaped house made of natural materials. UgandaKampala District,

 Uganda 0°19′45″N 32°33′12″E / 0.329167°N 32.553333°E / 0.329167; 32.553333 (Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi)

Budaya:UgandaTom

(i), (iii), (iv), (vi)

7005270000000000000♠27 (67) 2001 The tombs, built after 1884, are a major example of prime architecture using organic materials, principally wood, thatch, reed, and wattle and daub.[211] The tombs were almost completely destroyed by a fire in March 2010, prompting the World Heritage Committee to reluctantly mark the site as being in danger.[212] The Ugandan government has since called for the reconstruction of the tombs, and UNESCO has agreed to mobilise funds for the project.[213]
Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve A complex, heavily eroded dark grey limestone rock formation. Melaky,

 Madagaskar 18°40′00″S 44°45′00″E / 18.666670°S 44.75°E / -18.666670; 44.75 (Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve)

Semula Jadi:

(vii), (x)

7009152000000000000♠152,000 (380,000) 1990 The canyon of the Manambolo River comprises karstic and limestone landscapes cut into peaks and a forest of limestone needles. It also holds undisturbed forests, lakes, and mangrove swamps, which are the habitat for lemurs and birds.[214]
Tsodilo A drawing of two rhinos and a bull on a cave wall. BotNorth-West,

 Botswana 18°45′00″S 21°44′00″E / 18.75°S 21.733333°E / -18.75; 21.733333 (Tsodilo)

Budaya:BotTso

(i), (iii), (vi)

7007480000000000000♠4,800 (12,000) 2001 The site features more than 4,500 rock art paintings in the Kalahari Desert. Archaeological records provide evidence of human and environmental activities ranging over 100,000 years.[215]
Twyfelfontein or /Ui-//aes Various drawings on a cave wall. TwyKunene,

 Namibia 20°35′44″S 14°22′21″E / 20.595583°S 14.372583°E / -20.595583; 14.372583 (Twyfelfontein or /Ui-//aes)

Budaya:Twy

(iii), (v)

7005570000000000000♠57 (140) 2007 The site has one of the largest concentrations of rock engravings in Africa, which range from a period of over 2,000 years.[216]
Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve A picture of a waterfall obstructed by a couple of palm trees. SeyPraslin,

 Seychelles 4°19′45″S 55°44′15″E / 4.329170°S 55.737500°E / -4.329170; 55.737500 (Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve)

Semula Jadi:SeyVal

(vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

7005200000000000000♠20 (49) 1983 The natural palm forest is preserved in almost its original state.[217]
Virunga National ParkTemplat:Jika kosong A picture of a mountain landscape with trunks of trees or shrubs that appear to have burned. North Kivu

and Orientale,  Republik Demokratik Congo 0°55′00″N 29°10′00″E / 0.916667°N 29.166667°E / 0.916667; 29.166667 (Virunga National Park)

Semula Jadi:Vir

(vii), (viii), (x)

7009800000000000000♠800,000 (2,000,000) 1979 The park comprises swamps, savannas, and snowfields.[218] Virunga was inscribed on the World Heritage Committee's List of World Heritage in Danger in 1994, due to the genocide in Rwanda and the subsequent increase of the refugee population in the park, deforestation, poaching, departure of park staff, and depletion of forests.[219]
Vredefort Dome A view of a multicoloured cave ceiling. Free State

and North West,  Afrika Selatan 26°52′S 27°16′E / 26.86°S 27.26°E / -26.86; 27.26 (Vredefort Dome)

Semula Jadi:

(viii)

7008300000000000000♠30,000 (74,000) 2005 The crater, with a diameter of 190 km (120 bt), is the largest, oldest, and most deeply eroded astrobleme found on Earth, dating back more than two billion years.[220]
W-Arly-Pendjari Complex A picture of a marshy river surrounded on both sides by shrubs and trees. BurkNig Benin*;

 Burkina Faso*;  Niger* 11°53′3″N 2°29′16″E / 11.88417°N 2.48778°E / 11.88417; 2.48778 (W-Arly-Pendjari Complex)

Semula Jadi:WNa

(ix), (x)

7010171483100000000♠1,714,831 (4,237,440) 1996[o] The parks are in the zone between savanna and forest lands and are an important ecosystem for the biogeographical area.[221]
Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley) A picture of a long skeleton surrounded by a circular wire. A large rock formation is visible in the background. Faiyum Governorate,

 Mesir 29°20′00″N 30°11′00″E / 29.333330°N 30.183330°E / 29.333330; 30.183330 (Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley))

Semula Jadi:Wad

(viii)

7008200150000000000♠20,015 (49,460) 2005 Located in western Egypt, the site contains fossil remains of the now extinct Archaeoceti, mapping the evolution of the whales from a land-based to an aquatic mammal.[222]

Prestasi Afrika dalam UNESCO

Negara-negara dibahagikan mengikut wilayah mereka: biru untuk Afrika Utara, jingga untuk Afrika Timur, ungu untuk Afrika Tengah, hijau untuk Afrika Barat, dan merah untuk Afrika Selatan. (Catatan: carta ini tidak termasuk tapak yang terletak di Afrika milik negara Eropah.)

Lihat juga

  • iconPortal Afrika
  • Senarai Tapak Warisan Dunia

Catatan

  1. ^ For purposes of this article, "Africa" includes the entire African continent, along with certain Atlantic and Indian Ocean islands in the geographic vicinity of Africa that remain under the sovereignty of European states. This differs from UNESCO's regional classification which places several North African countries in the "Arab States" region, while World Heritage Sites on the islands are included in the "Europe and North America" region with their respective metropolitan states. Also see the table legend.
  2. ^ Syria mempunyai 6 tapak dalam senarai Warisan Dunia dalam Bahaya.
  3. ^ Asmara: A Modernist African City was originally inscribed as Asmara: A Modernist City in Africa. The World Heritage Committee adopted the changed name in 2018.
  4. ^ Extended in 2015 but retained the same name.
  5. ^ Extended in 2005 to include Makapan Valley and Taung Skull Fossil Site. The name of the site was later changed accordingly from Fossil Hominid Sites of Sterkfontein, Swartkrans, Kromdraai, and Environs at the time of inscription to the present name in 2013.
  6. ^ Extended in 2004 to include Inaccessible Island. The name of the site was changed accordingly from Gough Island Wildlife Reserve at the time of inscription to the present name in 2004.
  7. ^ Historic Cairo was originally inscribed as Islamic Cairo. The World Heritage Committee adopted the changed name in 2007.
  8. ^ iSimangaliso Wetland Park was originally inscribed as Greater St Lucia Wetland Park. The World Heritage Committee adopted the changed name in 2008.
  9. ^ Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites was originally inscribed as James Island and Related Sites. The World Heritage Committee adopted the changed name in 2011.
  10. ^ Extended in 2001 to include South Island National Park. The name of the site was changed accordingly from Sibiloi/Central Island National Parks at the time of inscription to the present name in 2001.
  11. ^ Extended in 2013 to include Lewa Wildlife Conservancy and Ngare Ndare Forest Reserve but retained the same name.
  12. ^ Extended in 1982 to include the portion of the Reserve in Ivory Coast (in addition to the existing portion in Guinea).
  13. ^ Ngorongoro Conservation Area was originally inscribed as a Natural site. The World Heritage Committee also insribed it as a Cultural site in 2010 due to Olduvai Gorge.
  14. ^ Extended in 1986 to include the Necropolis. The name of the site was changed accordingly from Punic Town of Kerkuane at the time of inscription to the present name in 1986.
  15. ^ Extended in 2017 to include Arli National Park and Pendjari National Park. The name of the site was changed accordingly from W National Park of Niger at the time of inscription to the present name in 2017.

Rujukan

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  87. ^ "Historic Town of Grand-Bassam". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 19 September 2012.
  88. ^ "Ichkeul National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  89. ^ "Decision – CONF 201 VII.D.36 – SOC: Ichkeul National Park (Tunisia)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 November 2021.
  90. ^ "Cologne Cathedral (Germany), Djoudj Bird Sanctuary (Senegal), Ichkeul National Park (Tunisia), and Hampi (India) removed from List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 November 2021.
  91. ^ "iSimangaliso Wetland Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  92. ^ "Island of Gorée". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  93. ^ "Island of Mozambique". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  94. ^ "Island of Saint-Louis". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  95. ^ "Ivindo National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 7 November 2021.
  96. ^ "Kahuzi-Biega National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  97. ^ "Kahuzi-Biega National Park – Threats to the Site (1997)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 10 September 2011.
  98. ^ "Kairouan". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  99. ^ "Kasbah of Algiers". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  100. ^ "Kenya Lake System in the Great Rift Valley". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 June 2011.
  101. ^ "Khami Ruins National Monument". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  102. ^ "ǂKhomani Cultural Landscape". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 16 July 2017.
  103. ^ "Kilimanjaro National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  104. ^ "Kondoa Rock-Art Sites". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  105. ^ "Konso Cultural Landscape". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 17 August 2011.
  106. ^ "Koutammakou, the Land of the Batammariba". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  107. ^ "Ksar of Ait-Ben-Haddou". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  108. ^ "Kunta Kinteh Island and Related Sites". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 6 November 2015.
  109. ^ "Lake Malawi National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  110. ^ "Lakes of Ounianga". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 July 2013.
  111. ^ "Lake Turkana National Parks". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  112. ^ "Lake Turkana National Parks (Kenya) inscribed on List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 June 2018.
  113. ^ "Lamu Old Town". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  114. ^ "Laurisilva of Madeira". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  115. ^ "Le Morne Cultural Landscape". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  116. ^ "Lower Valley of the Awash". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  117. ^ "Lower Valley of the Omo". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  118. ^ "M'Zab Valley". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  119. ^ "Maloti-Drakensberg Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 4 August 2013.
  120. ^ "Mana Pools National Park, Sapi and Chewore Safari Areas". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  121. ^ "Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  122. ^ "Manovo-Gounda St Floris National Park – Threats to the Site (1997)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 10 September 2011.
  123. ^ "Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  124. ^ "Matobo Hills". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  125. ^ "Mbanza Kongo, Vestiges of the Capital of the former Kingdom of Kongo". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 16 July 2017.
  126. ^ "Medina of Essaouira (formerly Mogador)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  127. ^ "Medina of Fez". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  128. ^ "Medina of Marrakesh". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  129. ^ "Medina of Sousse". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  130. ^ "Medina of Tétouan (formerly known as Titawin)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  131. ^ "Medina of Tunis". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  132. ^ "Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  133. ^ "Mosi-oa-Tunya / Victoria Falls". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  134. ^ "Mount Kenya National Park/Natural Forest". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  135. ^ "Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  136. ^ "Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve – Threats to the Site (1992)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 September 2011.
  137. ^ "Decision – 43 COM 7A.6 – Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve (Côte d'Ivoire/Guinea) (N 155bis)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 4 November 2021.
  138. ^ "Namib Sand Sea". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 4 August 2013.
  139. ^ "Ngorongoro Conservation Area". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  140. ^ "Decision – CONF 004 X.26-27 – Inscriptions on the List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 November 2021.
  141. ^ "Decision – CONF 004 XV.D – Removal from the List of World Heritage in Danger: Ngoronaoro Conservation Area (Tanzania)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 November 2021.
  142. ^ "Niokolo-Koba National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  143. ^ "Decision – 31COM 7B.1 – State of conservation of World Heritage Properties – Niokolo-Koba National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 September 2011.
  144. ^ "Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  145. ^ "Okapi Wildlife Reserve". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  146. ^ "Okapi Wildlife Reserve – Threats to the Site (1997)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 September 2011.
  147. ^ "Okavango Delta". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 6 December 2014.
  148. ^ "Old Towns of Djenné". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  149. ^ "Mali's Old Towns of Djenné on List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 9 November 2021.
  150. ^ "Old Town of Ghadamès". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  151. ^ "Libya's five World Heritage sites put on List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 7 November 2021.
  152. ^ "Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  153. ^ "Pitons, cirques and remparts of Reunion Island". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 10 July 2011.
  154. ^ "Portuguese City of Mazagan (El Jadida)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  155. ^ "Punic Town of Kerkuane and its Necropolis". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  156. ^ "Rabat, Modern Capital and Historic City: a Shared Heritage". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 30 June 2012.
  157. ^ "Rainforests of the Atsinanana". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 9 November 2021.
  158. ^ "Decision – 34COM 7B.2 – Rainforests of Atsinanana (Madagascar) (N 1257)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 September 2011.
  159. ^ "Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Landscape". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  160. ^ "Risco Caido and the Sacred Mountains of Gran Canaria Cultural Landscape". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 9 July 2019.
  161. ^ "Robben Island". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  162. ^ "Rock-Art Sites of Tadrart Acacus". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  163. ^ "Libya's five World Heritage sites put on List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 7 November 2021.
  164. ^ "Rock-Hewn Churches, Lalibela". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  165. ^ "Royal Hill of Ambohimanga". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  166. ^ "Royal Palaces of Abomey". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  167. ^ "Inscription on the List of World Heritage in Danger: Royal Palaces of Abomey (Benin)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 4 November 2021.
  168. ^ "Update of the list of the World Heritage in danger - removal - Royal Palaces of Abomey, Río Plátano Biosphere Reserve, Kathmandu Valley, Everglades National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 4 November 2021.
  169. ^ "Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  170. ^ "Decision – 28COM 15B.41 – Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara (United Republic of Tanzania)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 September 2011.
  171. ^ "Tanzania's Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara removed from UNESCO List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 November 2021.
  172. ^ "Ruins of Loropéni". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 November 2015.
  173. ^ "Rwenzori Mountains National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  174. ^ "World Heritage Committee Adds Four Sites to the List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 12 November 2021.
  175. ^ "Angkor Among the three Properties Removed from Unesco's List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 12 November 2021.
  176. ^ "Sacred Mijikenda Kaya Forests". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  177. ^ "Saint Catherine Area". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  178. ^ "Salonga National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  179. ^ "Decision – 23COM X.B.21 – SOC: Salonga National Park (Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC))". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 September 2011.
  180. ^ "Salonga National Park (Democratic Republic of the Congo) removed from the List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 5 November 2021.
  181. ^ "Saloum Delta". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 17 August 2011.
  182. ^ "Sanganeb Marine National Park and Dungonab Bay – Mukkawar Island Marine National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 6 August 2016.
  183. ^ "San Cristóbal de la Laguna". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  184. ^ "Sangha Trinational". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 November 2015.
  185. ^ "Selous Game Reserve". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  186. ^ "Poaching puts Tanzania's Selous Game Reserve on List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 November 2021.
  187. ^ "Serengeti National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  188. ^ "Simien National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 1 August 2010.
  189. ^ "Decision – CONF 201 VII.D.32 – SOC: Simien National Park (Ethiopia)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 7 November 2021.
  190. ^ "Ethiopian World Heritage site, Simien National Park no longer in danger". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 7 November 2021.
  191. ^ "Stone Circles of Senegambia". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  192. ^ "Stone Town of Zanzibar". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  193. ^ "Sudanese style mosques in northern Côte d'Ivoire". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 31 October 2021.
  194. ^ "Sukur Cultural Landscape". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  195. ^ "Taï National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  196. ^ "Tassili n'Ajjer". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  197. ^ "Teide National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  198. ^ "Thimlich Ohinga Archaeological Site". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 1 August 2018.
  199. ^ "Timbuktu". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  200. ^ "Decision – CONF 004 VII.C – Inscription on the List of World Heritage in Danger: Timbuktu (Mali)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 9 November 2021.
  201. ^ "Decision – 29 COM 7A.14 – Timbuktu (Mali)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 9 November 2021.
  202. ^ "Heritage sites in northern Mali placed on List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 9 November 2021.
  203. ^ "Ansar Dine fighters destroy Timbuktu shrines". Al Jazeera. 30 June 2012. Dicapai pada 30 June 2012.
  204. ^ "Timgad". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  205. ^ "Tipasa". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 January 2011.
  206. ^ "Tipasa (Algeria) Added to List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 4 November 2021.
  207. ^ "Updates of the World Heritage List in Danger (Removed Properties)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 4 November 2021.
  208. ^ "Tiya". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  209. ^ "Tomb of Askia". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  210. ^ "Heritage sites in northern Mali placed on List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. 28 June 2012. Dicapai pada 30 June 2012.
  211. ^ "Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  212. ^ "Decision – 34COM 7B.53 – Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi (Uganda) (C 1022)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 September 2011.
  213. ^ "Uganda tombs to be reconstructed". Afrol News. 13 April 2010. Dicapai pada 11 September 2011.
  214. ^ "Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  215. ^ "Tsodilo". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  216. ^ "Twyfelfontein or /Ui-//aes". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  217. ^ "Vallée de Mai Nature Reserve". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  218. ^ "Virunga National Park". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  219. ^ "Virunga National Park – Threats to the Site (1994)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 11 September 2011.
  220. ^ "Vredefort Dome". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.
  221. ^ "W-Arly-Pendjari Complex". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 29 September 2017.
  222. ^ "Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley)". UNESCO. Dicapai pada 28 May 2010.