《星雲和星團新總表》(New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars,縮寫:NGC),或稱NGC天體表,是由天文學家約翰·德雷耳於1888年編纂的天體目錄,包括星系、星團和發射星雲等7,840個深空天體。德雷耳在1895年和1908年出版了兩份《索引目錄》(Index Catalogues,縮寫:IC),作為NGC的補遺,書中額外描述了5,386個天體。數千個這樣的天體最為人所知的是它們的NGC或IC編號,因此NGC天體表如今仍被廣泛使用。
《修訂後的非星天體總目錄》(Revised New Catalogue of Nonstellar Astronomical Objects,簡稱“RNGC”)由傑克·蘇倫蒂克(英语:Jack W.Sulentic)和威廉·蒂夫特(英语:William G.Tifft)於20世紀70年代初編制,並於1973年出版,作為NGC天體表的更新[9]。這項工作沒有包括之前發表的對NGC天體表數據的幾處更正(包括德雷耳本人發表的更正),還引入了一些新的錯誤。例如,獅子座中著名的緊湊星系群科普蘭七重奏(英语:Copeland Septet)在RNGC中似乎不存在[5][10]。
近800個天體在RNGC中被列為“不存在”。該名稱適用於目錄條目重複的天體、在後續觀測中未檢測到的天體,以及一些被歸類為星團的天體,在後續研究中被視為巧合分組。1993年的一本專著認為229個星團在RNGC中不存在。它們“自18世紀和19世紀被發現以來,就被錯誤地識別或沒有被找到” [11]。 它發現229中的一個, NGC 1498,實際上並不存在天空中。另外五個是其它條目的重複,99個「以某種形式」存在,另外124個需要額外的研究來解決[12]。
NGC/IC專案是專業和業餘天文學家於1993年合作成立的專案。該專案原預期於2017年完成,旨在識別所有NGC和IC天體,糾正錯誤,收集圖像和基本天文數據。團隊的主要成員是小哈羅德·科溫(Harold G. Corwin Jr.)、史蒂夫·戈特利布(英语:Steve Gottlieb (amateur astronomer))、瑪律科姆·湯姆森(Malcolm Thomson),羅伯特·厄德曼(Robert E. Erdmann)和傑弗里·科德(Jeffrey Corder)[16]。
修訂後的新總目錄和索引目錄
“修訂後的新總目錄和索引目錄”(Revised New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue,縮寫為"RNGC/IC")是沃爾夫岡·斯坦尼克(英语:Wolfgang Steinicke)於2009年製作的彙編[10][17]。這是對NGC和IC星表的全面且權威的處理[18][19]。
^Dreyer, J. L. E. A Supplement to Sir John Herschel's "General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars". Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy. 1878, 26: 391–426. Bibcode:1878RIATr..26..381D. JSTOR 30079091.
^Bradt, H. Astronomy Methods: A Physical Approach to Astronomical Observations. Cambridge University Press. 2004: 52. ISBN 978-0-521-53551-9.
^Dreyer, J. L. E. A New General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars, being the Catalogue of the late Sir John F.W. Herschel, Bart., revised, corrected, and enlarged (PDF). Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1888, 49: 1–237. Bibcode:1888MmRAS..49....1D.
^ 5.05.15.2Corwin, H.G. Jr. The NGC/IC Project: An Historical Perspective. The NGC/IC Project. 12 October 1999 [2012-04-22]. (原始内容存档于10 May 2012).
^Dreyer, J. L. E. Index Catalogue of Nebulae found in the years 1888 to 1894, with Notes and Corrections to the New General Catalogue. Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1895, 51: 185–228. Bibcode:1895MmRAS..51..185D.
^Dreyer, J. L. E. Second Index Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters of Stars; containing objects found in the years 1895 to 1907, with Notes and Corrections to the New General Catalogue and to the Index Catalogue for 1888–94 (PDF). Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1910, 59: 105–198. Bibcode:1910MmRAS..59..105D.
^Dreyer, J. L. E. Corrections to the New General Catalogue resulting from the revision of Sir William Herschel's Three Catalogues of Nebulae. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 1912, 73: 37–40. Bibcode:1912MNRAS..73...37D. doi:10.1093/mnras/73.1.37.
^ Sulentic, J. W.; Tifft, W. G. The Revised New Catalogue of Nonstellar Astronomical Objects. University of Arizona Press. 1973. Bibcode:1973rncn.book.....S. ISBN 978-0-8165-0421-3. 含有內容需登入查看的頁面 (link)
^ 10.010.1Steinicke, W. Revised New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue. 17 January 2012 [2012-04-22]. (原始内容存档于2019-10-17).
^Monograph No. 1 - The "Non-Existent" Star Clusters of the RNGC. Webb Deep-Sky Society. [29 May 2017]. (原始内容存档于2022-04-07).
^Allison, Mark. Star Clusters and How to Observe Them. Springer Science & Business Media. 4 April 2006: 62–63 [29 May 2017]. ISBN 9781846281983. (原始内容存档于2021-12-27).
^O'Meara, Stephen James. Deep Sky Companions: Hidden Treasures. Cambridge University Press. 12 April 2007: 175–176 [30 May 2017]. ISBN 9781139463737. (原始内容存档于2021-12-27).
^NGC2000 - NGC2000.0: Complete New General Catalog and Index Catalog. Goddard Space Flight Center. [2012-04-22]. (原始内容存档于2012-10-20).
^Sinnott, R. W. NGC 2000.0: The Complete New General Catalogue and Index Catalogues of Nebulae and Star Clusters. Sky Publishing. 1988. ISBN 978-0-933346-51-2.
^Steinicke, W. Observing and Cataloguing Nebulae and Star Clusters: From Herschel to Dreyer's New General Catalogue. Cambridge University Press. 2010. ISBN 978-0-521-19267-5.
^Duerbeck, H. W. Book Review: Nebel und Sternhaufen - Geschichte ihrer Entdeckung Beobachtung und Katalogisierung (Steinicke). Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage. 2009, 12 (3): 255. Bibcode:2009JAHH...12..255D.
^Duerbeck, H. W. Observing and Cataloguing Nebulae and Star Clusters. From Herschel to Dreyer's New General Catalogue (Steinicke). Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage. 2011, 14 (1): 78. Bibcode:2011JAHH...14Q..78D.