List of tunnels in Australia
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Burnley_Tunnel_interior.jpg/300px-Burnley_Tunnel_interior.jpg)
This is a list of tunnels in Australia which includes any road, railway, waterway or other form of tunnel, anywhere in the country.
Australian Capital Territory
Name | Image | Locale | Carries | Type | Length | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | ft | ||||||
Acton Tunnel | ![]() | Acton, Australian Capital Territory | Carries Parkes Way under a hill | Road | 190 | 623 | Three levels, with the upper two being used for car parking and storage by the Australian National University |
New South Wales
Name | Image | Locale | Carries | Type | Length[1] | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | ft | ||||||
Airport railway line | ![]() | Wolli Creek to Central | East Hills railway line | Rail | 10,000 | 33,000 | |
Bilson Tunnel | Kosciuszko National Park | Skitube | Rail | 3,300 | 10,800 | ||
Blue Cow Tunnel | Kosciuszko National Park | Skitube | Rail | 2,600 | 8,500 | ||
Ardglen Tunnel | Upper Hunter Shire | Main North Line | Rail | 488 | 1,601 | [2] | |
Airport Tunnel | ![]() | Mascot | General Holmes Drive | Road | 550 | 1,800 | Two in-line dual tunnels that carry runways for Sydney Airport[3] |
Avon Tunnel | Dombarton to Avon | Maldon – Dombarton railway line | Rail | 4,000 | 13,000 | A planned single track tunnel. Only a few metres at each end were evacuated. 150.7372°, -34.4451° [4] | |
Balmain Colliery | ![]() | Below Sydney Harbour | Coal mine | ||||
Belmore Tunnel | Blue Mountains | Main Western line | Rail | Used by Zig Zag tourist railway on the Lithgow Zig Zag | |||
Bethungra Spiral | ![]() | Bethungra | Main South Line | Rail | 205 | 673 | Two tunnels |
Border Tunnel | Richmond Valley | North Coast line | Rail | 1,160 | 3,810 | On the border between New South Wales and Queensland[5] | |
Box Vale tunnel | Mittagong | Box Vale rail line | unlined tunnel through final spur | ||||
Bullio Tunnel (Wombeyan Caves Rd Tunnel) | Nattai National Park | Wombeyan Caves Road | Road | 22 | 72 | ||
Busby's Bore | ![]() | From Centennial Parklands to Hyde Park | Sydney water supply | Water | 3,600 | 11,800 | Built from 1827 to 1837 and remains in limited use[6] |
Bylong Rail Tunnel | Bylong | Sandy Hollow to Maryvale Line, No 3 of 5 | Rail | 1,975 | 6,480 | At the time of its construction, it was the longest rail tunnel[citation needed] | |
Boronia Tunnels | Cowan | Main North line | Rail | 1,313 | 4,308 | 1-4 in use, 5 deviated; double track; longest tunnel is 602 metres (1,975 ft) | |
Bungendore - Queanbeyan rail | Bombala line | Rail | Brooks Bank tunnel and two Pine Range tunnels | ||||
Carcoar Tunnel | Carcoar | Blayney–Demondrille railway line | Rail | 281 | 922 | No longer in use | |
City Circle | ![]() | Sydney central business district | Sydney underground railways | Rail | 5,000 | 16,000 | Estimate of tunnel length from Central to Circular Quay and return. Two tunnels |
Clarence Tunnel | Clarence, Blue Mountains | Main Western line | Rail | 493 | 1,617 | Replaced by Ten Tunnels Deviation; used by Zig Zag tourist railway | |
Colinton rail tunnel | Colinton | Bombala line | Rail | 161 | 528 | No longer in use | |
Cooks River Tunnel | Between Sydney Airport and Tempe | M5 Motorway ![]() | Road | Under Cooks River | |||
Cougal Spiral | ![]() | Richmond Valley | North Coast line | Rail | 369 | 1,211 | Two tunnels (See also Border Tunnel) |
Cross City Tunnel | ![]() | Sydney central business district | Cross City Tunnel | Road | 2,100 | 6,900 | Two tunnels[7] |
Cudgen Road Tunnel | Tweed Valley | Pacific Motorway ![]() | Road | 134 | 440 | Twin tunnels; opened in 2002[8] | |
Devonshire Street Tunnel | ![]() | Sydney central business district | Railway Square to Surry Hills | Pedestrian | 300 | 980 | [9] |
Dorrigo railway line | Dorrigo | Dorrigo railway line | Rail | Two tunnels of unknown length between Glenreagh and Timber Top | |||
Eastern Distributor Tunnel | ![]() | Between Woolloomooloo and Surry Hills | Eastern Distributor ![]() | Road | 1,700 | 5,600 | Completed in 2000; tolled on exit, northbound only; unique 'piggyback' design with three lanes, northbound, stacked on top of three lanes, southbound[10][11] |
Eastern Suburbs railway line | Sydney | Eastern Suburbs railway line | Rail | Erskineville to Bondi Junction | |||
Epping to Chatswood railway line | Sydney | Metro North West Line | Rail | 13,000 | 43,000 | ||
Fernleigh Tunnel | Rail | Rail trail-cycleway | |||||
Gib tunnel | between Mittagong & Bowral | Main South line | Rail | 516 | 1,693 | Two tunnels; original single-track line now replaced; and one double-track line adjacent | |
Glenbrook Tunnel (1892) | Glenbrook | Main Western Line (since deviated) | Heritage | 634 | 2,080 | ||
Glenbrook Tunnel (1913) | Between Lapstone and Glenbrook | Main Western line | Rail | 283 | 928 | Double-track line, in use | |
Glowworm Tunnel Rd Tunnel | Wollemi National Park | Glowworm Tunnel Road | Road | 160 | 520 | ||
Helensburgh Tunnels including the Helensburgh Glow Worm, Lilyvale and Otford tunnels | ![]() | Illawarra escarpment | Illawarra railway line | Rail | 3,257 | 10,686 | Seven disused tunnels; previous use between 1884 and 1920[12][13][14] plus Seven in use dual line tunnels plus one single tunnel |
Kings Cross Tunnel | Kings Cross | Road | 274 | 899 | |||
Lane Cove Tunnel | Lane Cove | M2 Motorway ![]() | Road | 3,600 | 11,800 | ||
Long Island | Hawkesbury River station | Main North line | Rail | 263 | 863 | Two tunnels; one Disused single track tunnel used for storage and a Double track, in use, adjacent | |
Malaita Point | Katoomba | Rail | through post of a coal mine | ||||
Marrangaroo | Lithgow | Main Western line | Rail | 974 | 3,196 | Former single-track line; since deviated as double-track line, in use. Only double-track line length shown | |
Merewether Bluff | Merewether | Rail | Disused, Australia's first two railway tunnels, 1861 & 1862, privately operated[15] | ||||
M4 East Tunnel | ![]() | Between Haberfield and Homebush | M4 Motorway ![]() | Road | 5,500 | 18,000 | Dual tunnels[16] |
M4-M5 Link | Between Haberfield and St Peters | M4/M5 ![]() ![]() | Road | 9,200 | 30,200 | [16] | |
M5 East Tunnel | Between Beverly Hills and Arncliffe | M5 Motorway ![]() | Road | ||||
M8 Motorway | Between Beverly Hills and St Peters | M8 Motorway ![]() | Road | 9,000 | 30,000 | ||
Moore Park Tunnel | Moore Park | CBD and South East Light Rail | Light rail | from Eastern Distributor to Anzac Parade | |||
Mount Alexandra | Mittagong | Fitzroy Iron Works | short tunnel on horse drawn tramway replacement | ||||
Mount Rennie | Katoomba | Narrow Neck | Rail | 395 | 1,296 | Disused; previous use shale transport | |
Mullet Creek | Hawkesbury River station | Main North line | Rail | 456 | 1,496 | Double track, in use, from the Hawkesbury Bridge Platform and Jct (end Hawkesbury Bridge deviation) | |
New Main Tunnel | Picton | Main South line | Rail | 183 | 600 | Double track, in use, between Picton station and Redback tunnel | |
Newnes Glowworm Tunnel | ![]() | Between Newnes and Lithgow | Newnes railway line | Rail | 1,320 | 4,330 | Rail use between 1907 and 1932; converted to pedestrian and tourism use[17] |
NorthConnex | Between Pennant Hills and Wahroonga | Pacific Motorway ![]() ![]() | Road | 9,000 | 30,000 | Opened 31 October 2020[18] | |
Old Main Tunnel | Picton | Main South line | Rail | 181 | 594 | Disused; previous use between 1867 and 1919 | |
Pyrmont and Glebe Railway Tunnels | ![]() | Between Pyrmont and Glebe | Inner West Light Rail | Light rail | 1,500 | 4,900 | Two double-track tunnels; completed in 1922; estimated length[19] |
Redbank Tunnel | Tahmoor | Main South line | Rail | 181 | 594 | Double-track, in use;[20] deviated, filled in[21] | |
Red Hill Tunnels | Coffs Harbour | North Coast line | Rail | 955 | 3,133 | Five tunnels, opened in 1922 | |
St Helena Tunnel | ![]() | Ewingsdale, near Byron Bay, Tweed Valley | Pacific Highway | Road | 434 | 1,424 | Opened 18 December 2015[22] |
Stockrington | Maitland | Richmond Vale railway line | 3 tunnels | ||||
Sydney Harbour Tunnel | ![]() | Between Woolloomooloo and North Sydney under Sydney Harbour | Sydney Harbour Tunnel ![]() | Road | 2,800 | 9,200 | [23] |
Sydney Harbour railway electricity tunnel | ![]() | Between Birchgrove and Greenwich | Below Sydney Harbour | Power supply | 540 | 1,760 | Approximate distance[24][25] |
Sydney Metro Northwest | Between Bella Vista and Epping stations | Metro North West Line | Rail | 15,500 | 50,900 | Opened May 2019[26] | |
Sydney Metro City & Southwest | ![]() | Between Chatswood and Sydenham stations in Sydney | Rail | 15,500 | 50,900 | Under construction[27] | |
Tank Stream tunnel | ![]() | Between Hyde Park and Circular Quay; Sydney central business district | Tank Stream | Storm water | 700 | 2,300 | Estimate of remnants of 1860s tunnel[28] |
Ten Tunnels Deviation | Blue Mountains | Main Western line | Rail | 2,822 | 9,259 | Replaced the Lithgow Zig Zag; ten tunnels of ranging in length from 70 to 825 metres (230 to 2,707 ft)[29] | |
Tickhole Tunnel | Between Cardiff and Kotara stations; Newcastle | Main North line | Rail | 370 | 1,210 | Dual tunnels ranging in length from 165 to 205 metres (541 to 673 ft)[30][31][32][33] | |
Tugun Bypass Tunnel | Tweed Heads | Gold Coast Airport | Road | 334 | 1,096 | [34] | |
Upper Nepean Scheme | Campbelltown | Water | Two tunnels | ||||
Woy Woy Tunnel | Between Wondabyne and Woy Woy stations | Main North line | Rail | 1,690 | 5,544 | Opened 15 August 1887; double track[35] | |
Wynyard Walk | ![]() | Sydney central business district | Wynyard | Pedestrian | 180 | 590 | [36] |
Queensland
Name | Image | Locale | Carries | Type | Length | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | ft | ||||||
Airport Link | ![]() | Between Bowen Hills and Toombul; Brisbane | Airport Link ![]() | Road | 6,700 | 22,000 | Australia's longest road tunnel (at the time)[37] |
Boolboonda Tunnel | ![]() | Mount Perry Boolboonda, Bundaberg Region | Bundaberg to Mount Perry railway line | Rail heritage | 192 | 630 | [38] |
Border Tunnel | ![]() | Richmond Gap, connecting New South Wales and Queensland | NSW North Coast line | Rail | 1,600 | 5,200 | On the border between New South Wales and Queensland (see New South Wales section above) |
Cherry Gully Tunnel | ![]() | Southern Downs Region | Warwick - Stanthorpe Line | Rail | 272 | 892 | Comprises two single-track tunnels[39] |
Clem Jones Tunnel | ![]() | Between Woolloongabba and Bowen Hills, Brisbane | Clem Jones Tunnel ![]() | Road | 4,800 | 15,700 | Two parallel tubes under the Brisbane River[40] |
Cross River Rail | From Dutton Park rail to Boggo Road busway stations in Brisbane | Rail | 5,900 | 19,400 | Two bored tunnels under construction with one complete in 2021 but not operational[41] | ||
Dalveen Tunnel | Dalveen, Southern Downs Region | Warwick to Wallangarra railway line | Rail | 140 | 460 | single line rail tunnel[42] | |
Dularcha Railway Tunnel | ![]() | Mooloolah, Sunshine Coast Region | North Coast line | Rail | 100 | 330 | Disused line[43] |
Eastern Busway | ![]() | Dutton Park, Brisbane | Annerley Road | Road, busway | 640 | 2,100 | Built under Boggo Road Gaol[44] |
George Bridges Tunnel | Nundah, Brisbane | Sandgate Road | Road | 285 | 935 | [45] | |
Inner City Bypass tunnel | ![]() | Breakfast Creek, Brisbane | Inner City Bypass ![]() | Road | 350 | 1,150 | [46] |
Lahey's Canungra Tramway Tunnel | ![]() | Canungra, Gold Coast | Pedestrians only | Rail heritage | 91 | 299 | c. 1900[47] |
Legacy Way | ![]() | Toowong and Kelvin Grove, Brisbane | Linking the Western Freeway with the Inner City Bypass | Road | 4,600 | 15,100 | Two bored tunnels carrying two motorway grade lanes of traffic in each direction[48] |
Leopard Street Tunnel | Brisbane | Stormwater | c. 1890 | ||||
Main Range tunnels | ![]() | Main Range | Main Line | Rail | 886 | 2,907 | A series of nine single-track or double-track tunnels that date from c. 1866 |
Many Peaks - Monto loop line | Boyne Valley | Gladstone to Monto railway line | Rail heritage | 730 | 2,400 | Six tunnels on a disused railway line | |
Muntapa rail tunnel | Cooyar, Toowoomba Region | Cooyar railway line | Rail heritage | 280 | 920 | [49] | |
Victoria Tunnel | ![]() | Grandchester | Main Line | Rail | 537 | 1,762 | [50] |
Yimbun Railway Tunnel | ![]() | Harlin, Somerset Region | Brisbane Valley railway line | Rail | 100 | 330 | Completed in 1910; line closed in 1993[51] |
South Australia
Name | Image | Locale | Carries | Type | Length | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | ft | ||||||
Ambleside Tunnel | Verdun | Main South Line | Rail | 172 | 564 | [52] Tunnel 9[53] | |
Barossa Reservoir supply tunnel | Williamstown | Between South Para River and South Para Reservoir | Water | 2,000 | 6,600 | ||
Clarendon Weir to Happy Valley Reservoir Tunnel | south of Adelaide city centre | Water | 5,000 | 16,000 | [54] | ||
Dowds Hill Tunnel | East of Peterborough | Crystal Brook-Broken Hill railway line under Wilmington–Ucolta Road | Rail | 95 | 312 | [55] | |
Echo Tunnel | ![]() | Belair National Park, Belair | Footpath and creek under Main South Line | Pedestrian | |||
Eden Hills Tunnels | Eden Hills | Belair railway line | Rail | 156 | 512 | Tunnel 3 constructed 1880s[56] | |
Main South Line | 156 | 512 | 1920[57] | ||||
Former Coromandel Tunnel | Blackwood | Main South Line | Rail | Tunnel 4, converted to a cutting and bridge when track duplicated 1920[53] | |||
Former Pinera Tunnel | Belair | Main South Line | Rail | Tunnel 5, converted to a cutting and bridge when track duplicated 1920[53] | |||
Former Sleeps Hill Tunnels | Panorama | Previous alignment of Main South Line | Rail | 170 | 560 | Tunnels 1 and 2, 1880s–1920[58][59] | |
360 | 1,180 | ||||||
Heysen Tunnels | ![]() | Mount Lofty Ranges | South Eastern Freeway | Road | 500 | 1,600 | [60] |
Long Gully Tunnel | Belair | Main South Line | Rail | 304 | 997 | [56] Tunnel 7[53] | |
Murray Bridge Tunnel | Murray Bridge | Main South Line | Rail | 80 | 260 | [61] | |
National Park Tunnel | Belair | Main South Line | Rail | 193 | 633 | [56] Tunnel 6[53] | |
O-Bahn Busway City access tunnel | Adelaide Park Lands | 670 | 2,200 | Opened 2017[62] | |||
Sleeps Hill Tunnel | ![]() | Panorama | Main South Line | Rail | 738 | 2,421 | [56] Replaced Tunnels 1 and 2 in 1920 |
Tod River Reservoir works | ![]() | Water | |||||
Torrens Gorge Tunnel | Water | ||||||
Upper Sturt Tunnel | Upper Sturt | Main South Line | Rail | 199 | 653 | [52] Tunnel 8[53] |
Tasmania
Name | Image | Locale | Carries | Type | Length | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | ft | ||||||
Rhyndaston Tunnel | South of Oatlands; Southern Tasmania | Tasmanian Main Line (Hobart to Western Junction) | Rail | 955 | 3,133 | Completed in 1876; widened in the 1970s[63] | |
Argent Tunnel | Emu Bay Railway | Rail |
Victoria
Name | Image | Locale | Carries | Type | Length | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | ft | ||||||
Big Hill Tunnel | Bendigo | Deniliquin railway line | Rail | 390 | 1,280 | ||
Bunbury Street Tunnel | Footscray, Melbourne | Rail | 420 | 1,380 | Both Broad Gauge and Standard Gauge entering and leaving Melbourne | ||
Burnley Tunnel | ![]() | Richmond, Melbourne | CityLink / Monash Freeway | Road | 3,400 | 11,200 | |
City Loop Tunnels | ![]() | La Trobe and Spring Streets, Melbourne | Melbourne Underground Rail Loop | Rail | 12,000 | 39,000 | Comprises:
|
Domain Tunnel | ![]() | Richmond, Melbourne | CityLink / Monash Freeway | Road | 1,600 | 5,200 | |
Elphinstone Tunnel | Deniliquin railway line | Rail | 385 | 1,263 | Built double track, singled later | ||
Geelong Tunnel | Geelong | Port Fairy railway line | Rail | 422 | 1,385 | Exit from Geelong to West coast railway line | |
Melba Tunnel | ![]() | Mitcham, Melbourne | Eastern Freeway to EastLink Ringwood | Road | 1,600 | 5,200 | |
Metro Tunnel | South Yarra to | Cranbourne lineSunbury linePakenham line | Rail | 9,000 | 5,600 | Once opened in 2025 the tunnel will cary the Pakenham, Cranbourne and Sunbury lines.[64] | |
Mullum Mullum Tunnel | ![]() | Mitcham, Melbourne | Eastern Freeway to EastLink Ringwood | Road | 1,600 | 5,200 | |
Rosanna Tunnel | Rosanna, Melbourne | Hurstbridge railway line | Rail | 65 | 213 | ||
West Richmond Tunnel | Richmond, Melbourne | Hurstbridge railway line | Rail | 115 | 377 | ||
Jolimont Tunnel | East Melbourne, Melbourne | Hurstbridge railway line | Rail | 149 | 489 | ||
Spotswood sewer tunnel | Fishermans Bend and Spotswood; Melbourne | Under Yarra River connecting Hobsons Bay Main with former Spotswood Sewerage Pumping Station | Sewer | 200 | 660 | Continues in use as part of Melbourne's Sewerage system | |
West Gate Tunnel | Spotswood and Fishermans Bend; Melbourne | West Gate Bridge | Road | 3,000 | 9,800 | Proposed as part of the Western Distributor, construction commenced in 2018[65] |
Western Australia
Name | Image | Locale | Address/Facility | Type | Length | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | ft | ||||||
Airport line tunnel | Bayswater, Redcliffe, Perth Airport, High Wycombe | Perth | Rail | 8,000 | 26,000 | Twin bored tunnels, part of the Airport line[66] | |
Canning Tunnel | Canning Dam to Perth | Darling Scarp | Water supply | 5,600 | 18,400 | [67] | |
Northbridge Tunnel | ![]() | Northbridge | Perth | Road | 1,600 | 5,200 | |
Swan View Tunnel | ![]() | Swan View | Perth; John Forrest National Park | Rail | 262 | 860 | Closed and now converted to a rail trail[68] |
William Street Tunnel | Perth railway station to Elizabeth Quay railway station | Perth | Rail | 700 | 2,300 | Twin bored tunnels that were built as part of the New MetroRail City Project,[69] used by Yanchep and Mandurah line services | |
Wungong Tunnel | Wungong Dam to Perth | Darling Scarp | Water supply | 3,700 | 12,100 |
See also
- List of tunnels by location[70]
- William A. Bailey biography [71]
References
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- ^ "Opening of $160 million O-Bahn bus tunnel to ease traffic delays". ABC News. ABC. 10 December 2017. Retrieved 8 August 2020.
- ^ "Rhyndaston Tunnel". Structurae.net. Nicolas Janberg. 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
- ^ "Benefits for your train line". Victoria’s Big Build. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
- ^ "West Gate Tunnel Project Western Distributor Reference design released". West Gate Tunnel Project. Government of Victoria. 2017. Archived from the original on 10 September 2017. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
- ^ "Why underground?". Forrestfield-Airport Link. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
- ^ "Water Tunnel Under Range". The West Australian. 5 August 1972.
- ^ "The Only Railway Tunnel In The State". Western Mail. National Library of Australia. 23 May 1903. p. 32. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
- ^ "Australia, Perth - au/23". www.tunnelbuilder.com. 2017. Archived from the original on 18 September 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2017.
- ^ Bayley, William A. Tunnels on Australian Railways. Ausrail Publications. ISBN 0-909597-16-2.
- ^ https://www.nla.gov.au/collections/guide-selected-collections/bayley-collection [bare URL]
External links
- Australasian Tunnelling Society