List of wars involving Norway

This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of Norway.

Pre-unification Viking Age (793–872)

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Viking invasions of England (793–1066) Norse Vikings
Anglo-Saxon kingdoms Victory (first phase)
  • Establishment of The Danelaw

Defeat (second phase)

Halfdan the Mild's revolt
(ca. 813)
Halfdan the Mild Kingdom of Denmark Revolt successful
  • Denmark is expelled and Vestfold gains independence.
Battle of 839 (839) Norse Vikings Picts
Dál Riata
Norwegian Viking victory
Siege of Paris (845) Norse Vikings Francia Viking victory
  • Viking plunder of Paris
Viking raid on Nekor[1][2][3]
(ca. 859)
Norse Vikings Kingdom of Nekor Viking victory
  • Vikings occupied Nekor for 8 days.
Great Heathen Army's invasion of England (865-878) Norse Vikings
Norse–Gaels
Anglo-Saxon kingdoms:

Kingdom of Strathclyde
Kingdom of Alba

Viking victory
Siege of Dumbarton (870) Norse Vikings Britons of Strathclyde Viking victory
  • A fleet of 200 ships transported prisoners to Dublin.

Unification of Norway (860–872)

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Battle of Hakadal
(ca. 860)
Vestfold Álfheimr Vestfold victory
  • Death of Hake Gandalfsson.
Battle of Orkdal
(ca. 870)
Vestfold Orkdal Vestfold victory
First Battle of Solskjel
(ca. 870)
Vestfold Nordmøre
Romsdal
Vestfold victory
  • Death of the kings of Nordmøre and Romsdal.
Second Battle of Solskjel
(ca. 870)
Vestfold Sunnmøre
Firda
Vestfold victory
Götaland Campaign
(ca. 870)
Vestfold Geats Vestfold victory
Battle of Fjaler
(ca. 870)
Earldom of Lade Earldom of Sogn Indecisive
Battle of Hafrsfjord
(872)
Vestfold Hordaland
Rogaland
Agder
Vestfold victory

Kingdom of Norway (872–1319)

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Battle of Rastarkalv
(955)
Haakon the Good Eric Bloodaxe
Denmark
Victory of Haakon the Good
  • Destruction of Danish force
Battle of Fitjar
(961)
Haakon the Good Eric Bloodaxe
Denmark
Victory to Haakon the Good
Sack of Santiago de Compostela
(968)
Norwegian Vikings  Kingdom of Galicia Victory
Norwegian-Jomsviking War
(986)
Norway Kingdom of Norway Denmark
Jomsvikings
Victory
  • Danish fleet defeated
Battle of Maldon
(991)
Norway Kingdom of Norway Anglo-Saxons Victory
Battle of Svolder
(999/1000)
Norway Kingdom of Norway Denmark
Sweden
Earls of Lade
Defeat
Battle of Thetford (1004)  Norway
Anglo-Saxons
Kingdom of Denmark Anglo-Norwegian Victory
Battle of Vinland (1003) Icelandic and Norwegian Vikings Native warriors Victory
  • Viking victory and withdrawal.
Olav II's landing in Osilia
(1008)
Norway Kingdom of Norway Osilians Victory
  • The Osilians are defeated
Battle at Herdaler
(1007/8)
Norway Kingdom of Norway Finns of Herdaler Defeat
Battle of Ringmere
(1010)
Norway Norway
Anglo-Saxons
Danish Vikings Victory
  • Ango-Norwegian victory
Battle of Vinland (1010) Icelandic and Norwegian Vikings Native warriors Victory
  • Native attack repelled; Viking withdrawal.
Swedish-Norwegian War
(1015-1018)
Norway Kingdom of Norway Kingdom of Sweden Victory
Cnut the Great's invasion of England (1016) Kingdom of Denmark
Kingdom of Norway
England Kingdom of England Dano-Norwegian victory
Olav II's conquest of Norway
(1015-1016)
Norway Kingdom of Norway Kingdom of Sweden
Kingdom of Denmark
Earldom of Orkney
Victory
  • The territorial changes following the Battle of Svolder are reversed, barring Jämtland, which would remain under Swedish overlordship until the 12th century.
Battle of Nesjar
(1016)
Olaf II Sweyn Haakonsson
Various farmer-chieftains
Victory to Olaf II
  • Sweyn Haakonsson driven into exile
Battle of the Helgeå
(1026)
Norway Kingdom of Norway
Sweden
Anglo-Danish Kingdom Defeat
Battle of Stiklestad
(1030)
Olaf II Peasant Army Peasant victory
  • Death of Olaf II
Norwegian-Wendish War
(1043)
Norway Kingdom of Norway Wends Victory
  • Destruction the Viking fort Jomsborg, possibly to destroy the Danish competitors to the throne. Plundering of the Wendish town of Jumne.
Magnus the Good's conquest of Denmark
(1043-1045)
Norway Kingdom of Norway
Denmark
Victory
Invasions of Denmark
(1048–1064)
Norway Kingdom of Norway Denmark Stalemate
  • Peace agreement, mutual recognition and withdrawal
Swedish–Norwegian War (1063)
(1063/4)
Norway Kingdom of Norway Haakon Ivarsson [no]
Kingdom of Sweden
Victory
  • Hadrada defeats Haakon Ivarsson Jarl
  • Norwegian authority strengthened in the Uplands
Revolt in the Uplands
(1064-1065)
Norway Kingdom of Norway Revolting farmers Victory
  • Small farms and villages burned down by Hadrada. Uplands becomes more integrated into Norway
Invasion of England
(1066)
Norway Kingdom of Norway England Defeat
First Irish Sea Campaign
(1098)
Norway Kingdom of Norway England

Irish Kingdoms[clarification needed]

Victory
Swedish–Norwegian War (1099–1101) Norway Kingdom of Norway Sweden Inconclusive
  • Through the marriage of Magnus Barefoot and Margaret Fredkulla, Inge's daughter, Norway gains the land of Dalsland. However, due to the marriage being childless, Dalsland never becomes integrated into Norway, and it's returned to Sweden after Magnus died in 1103
Second Irish Sea Campaign
(1101/1102–1103)
Norway Kingdom of Norway England

Irish Kingdoms[clarification needed]

Defeat
Norwegian Crusade
(1107–1110)
  • Raid on Santiago de Compostela (1109)
  • Raid on Sintra (1109)
  • Siege of Lisbon (1109)
  • Sack of Alkasse (1109)
  • Battle of Gibraltar (1109)
  • Battle of Formentera (1109)
  • Battle of Menorca (1109)
  • Raid on the Balearic Islands (1109)
  • Siege of Sidon (1110)
 Kingdom of Jerusalem
Norway Kingdom of Norway
 Republic of Venice
Fatimid Caliphate
Almoravid Empire
Taifa of Badajoz
Taifa of Majorca
Barbary pirates of Majorca
Victory
Kalmare ledung
(1123)
Norway Kingdom of Norway Norse pagans Victory
  • The pagans converted to Christianity
Civil war era in Norway
(1130–1240)
Birkebeiners Baglers Birkebeiner victory
Age of the Sturlungs
(1220–1264)
Icelandic Gothis Commonwealth Gothis Old Covenant
Campaign in Värmland
(1225)
Norway Kingdom of Norway Värmland Inconclusive
Battle of the Neva
(1240)
Sweden
Finns
Tavastia
Norway Kingdom of Norway
Novgorod Republic
Karelians
Defeat
Halland Campaign (1256) Norway Norway Denmark Denmark Peace treaty signed
Scottish–Norwegian War
(1261–1264)
Norway Kingdom of Norway Scotland Treaty of Perth
Danish-Norwegian War (1289-1295)  Norway
Danish outlaws
Denmark Denmark Victory
  • North Halland ceded to Kingdom of Norway
Second Swedish Brother's Feud [no]
(1304–1310)
Norway Kingdom of Norway
Duke Eric and Valdemar
Denmark
Birger Magnusson
Defeat

House of Bjelbo (1319-1397)

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Swedish–Novgorodian Wars
(1142–1323)
Sweden

Kingdom of Norway (872–1397) Norway (1319-1323)

Novgorod Republic Stalemate
Campaign against Ingeborg

(1323)[5]

Swedish-Norwegian Union Ingeborg of Norway Peace of Skara
  • Ingeborg is forced to exchange Axvall for the unfortified Dåvö in Västmanland
Sten Bielkes war against Novgorod

(1338-1339)

Swedish-Norwegian Union Novogrod Peace of Skara
  • Peace signed in either August or September 1339.
  • Novgorodian strategic failure
Johan Offessons Uprising

(1339)

Swedish-Norwegian Union Johan Offesson Victory
  • Lindholm Castle is destroyed, and Johan is forced to give Skytts and Oxie to the king
Kalundborg War (1341-1343) Swedish-Norwegian Union Denmark

Lübeck
Rostock
Hamburg
Stralsund
Wismar
Greifswald

Victory
Saint George's Night Uprising (1343-1345)[6] Swedish-Norwegian Union
Estonians
Denmark
Teutonic Order
Indecisive
  • Swedish troops plunder Reval
  • Estonian uprising crushed
Magnus's war against Russia
(1348-1351)[7]
Swedish-Norwegian Union Novgorod Truce of Dorprat
  • Swedish-Norwegian success in the beginning
  • Swedish-Norwegian failure to keep Nöteborg
Campaign between Magnus and his son
(1356-1359)[8]
Magnus IV Eric
  • According to the arbitration in Jönköping, Sweden is divided between Magnus and Erik, this ends after Eric's death in 1359
Valdemar Atterdags reconquest of Scania
(1360)[9]
Swedish-Norwegian Union Denmark Defeat
  • Denmark conquers all of Scania
Valdemar Atterdags conquest of Gotland
(1361)[10]
Swedish-Norwegian Union Denmark Defeat
  • Denmark conquers Gotland
Danish-Hanseatic War (1361-1370) First Phase (1361–1365)

Kingdom of Denmark Second Phase (1367–1370)

Kingdom of Denmark

Kingdom of Norway

First Phase: Danish Victory

Second Phase: Hanseatic victory

  • Hanseatic League gains control over several forts in Scania
War against Albert of Mecklenberg
(1363–1371)
Norway Kingdom of Norway Albert of Mecklenberg
Mecklenburg
Stalemate
  • Haakon VI pays a large ransom to have Magnus IV of Sweden released. Afterwards Haakon continues ruling Norway and Sweden until his death in 1374.

Kalmar Union (1397–1523)

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
War with the Victual Brothers
(1392–1398)
 Kalmar Union Victual Brothers Victory
  • Formation of the Kalmar Union.
Dano-Hanseatic War
(1426–1435)
 Kalmar Union House of Schaumburg
Hanseatic League
Defeat
  • Treaty of Vordingborg
Amund Sigurdsson Bolt Rebellion
(1436)
Amund Sigurdsson Bolt  Kalmar Union Ceasefire
Graatop Rebellion
(1438)
Hallvard Graatop  Kalmar Union Rebellion Suppressed
Krummedige-Tre Rosor feud
(1448 - 1502)
Krummedige family
Denmark
Tre Rosor family
Sweden
Krummedige victory
  • The male Tre Rosor line in Norway becomes extinct.
  • Norwegian monarchy strengthened
  • Prince Christian maintains control over Norway.
Swedish Invasions of Norway
(1449, 1453)
Pro-Danish Norwegians
Denmark
Pro-Swedish Norwegians
Sweden
Eventual Pro-Danish victory
  • Charles VIII is temporarily elected king of Norway during the first invasion, but he later renounces his claim.
  • Christian I becomes king of Norway in 1450, in which Sweden invades three years later. The invasion results in a failure with many casualties.
Dano-Swedish War
(1501–1512)
 Kalmar Union  Sweden
Free City of Lübeck
Norwegian rebels[11]
Victory
  • Treaty of Malmö (1512)
Alvsson Rebellion
(1501–1504)
Knut Alvsson (until 1502)
Nils Ravaldsson (from 1502)
Sweden
 Kalmar Union Rebellion Suppressed
  • Dano-Norwegian ties solidified
Orm Eriksson Tax Revolt
(1519)
Orm Eriksson
Jon Eilivsson
 Kalmar Union Rebellion Suppressed
Swedish War of Liberation
(1521–1523)
 Kalmar Union  Sweden
Free City of Lübeck
Defeat

Denmark–Norway (1523–1800)

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Christian II invasion of Norway
(1531–1532)
Christian II Frederick I Invasion failed
  • Christian II imprisoned
Olav Engelbrektsson's Rebellion (1536–1537) Protestants
DenmarkDenmark
Catholics Protestant Victory
Icelandic Reformation (1538–1550) Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway
Protestants
Catholics Victory
  • Jón Arason defeated and captured
  • Collapse of Catholicism in Iceland
Peasant's Rebellion in Telemark (1540) Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway Norwegian peasants Rebellion suppressed
Peasant's Rebellion in Agder (1540-1541) Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway Norwegian peasants Rebellion suppressed
Dacke War (1542) Sweden Kingdom of Sweden
[12]
Holy Roman Empire Landsknechte
Denmark-Norway
 Småland Peasants under Nils Dacke

 Östergötland peasant militia

Victory
  • Royal power strengthened
  • No further civil wars or major uprisings in Scandinavia
Italian War of 1542–1546 (1542)  France
Ottoman Empire

Jülich-Cleves-Berg
Denmark-Norway

 Holy Roman Empire
 Saxony
Brandenburg
Spain Spain
Kingdom of England England
Status quo ante bellum
  • Treaty of Speyer (1544)
  • Holy Roman Emperor Charles V recognized Christian III as the rightful king of Denmark and Norway
Livonian War (1558–1583) Livonian Confederation
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
 Denmark-Norway

Sweden Kingdom of Sweden
Zaporozhian Cossacks
Principality of Transylvania

Tsardom of Russia
Qasim Khanate
Kingdom of Livonia
Victory
Campaign of 1559 (1559)  Denmark-Norway Dithmarschen Victory
  • Conquest of Dithmarschen
Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)  Denmark-Norway
Free City of Lübeck

Poland–Lithuania

 Sweden Status quo ante bellum
  • Treaty of Stettin (1570)
Polish–Swedish War (1563–1568) (1563–1568) Poland–Lithuania
Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway
Lübeck Lübeck
Sweden Status quo ante bellum
Dano-Norwegian attack on Poland (1571)  Denmark-Norway Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Victory
Danzig rebellion (1575–1577) City of Danzig
 Denmark-Norway[13]
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Peace
Kalmar War (1611–1613)  Denmark-Norway  Sweden Victory
Conquest of Koneswaram Temple (1618–1620)[14]  Denmark-Norway
 Kingdom of Kandy
Portuguese Ceylon Defeat
Action of 19 February 1619 (1619)  Denmark-Norway French pirates

 France

Victory
  • Dano-Norwegian Victory
  • French ships conquered
Roland Crappé's raids on Portuguese colonies (1619)  Denmark-Norway
 Kingdom of Kandy
Supported by:
Thanjavur Nayak kingdom
Portuguese Ceylon

Portuguese India

Defeat
Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) Protestant States and Allies

 Sweden
 Kingdom of France
 Bohemia
Denmark Denmark–Norway (1625–1629)
 Saxony
 Dutch Republic
Electorate of the Palatinate
Brunswick-Lüneburg
 England
 Scotland
Brandenburg-Prussia
Transylvania
Hungarian Anti-Habsburg Rebels
Zaporozhian Cossacks
 Ottoman Empire

Roman Catholic States and Allies

 Holy Roman Empire

Spain and its possessions
Denmark Denmark–Norway (1643–1645)

Defeat
Siege of Dansborg (1624) (1624)  Danish India Thanjavur Nayak Victory
  • Thanjavur recognizes Tranquebar as Danish
Turkish Abductions (1627)  Denmark-Norway  Ottoman Empire Defeat
  • Abduction of 400-800 Icelanders
Dano-Mughal War (1642–1698)[15] Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway Mughal Empire Peace treaty
  • Dannemarksnagore ceded to Denmark for 30,000 rupees to be paid over ten years
Torstenson War (1643–1645) Denmark Denmark–Norway
 Holy Roman Empire
 Sweden
 Dutch Republic
Defeat
  • Treaty of Brömsebro (1645)
Conflict between Willem Leyel and Bernt Pessart (1644)  Danish India Denmark–Norway Leyel loyalist

Dutch East India Company Dutch Coromandel

English Madras

Portuguese Empire Portuguese Carical

Supported by:

Thanjavur Nayak

Willem victory
Siege of Dansborg (1644) (1644)  Denmark-Norway Thanjavur Nayak kingdom Inconclusive
Sieges of Tranquebar (1655–1669) (1655–1669)  Danish India Thanjavur Nayak kingdom Victory
  • Villages of Poreiar, Tillali and Erikutanchery ceded to the Danes
Second Northern War (1657–1660) Habsburg monarchy
Poland–Lithuania
Russia (1656–58)
Brandenburg-Prussia
 Dutch Republic
 Sweden
Brandenburg Brandenburg-Prussia
Transylvania
Ukrainian Cossacks
Wallachia
Moldavia
Defeat
Dano-Swedish War (1657–1658) (1657–1658)  Denmark-Norway
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Poland–Lithuania
 Swedish Empire Defeat
  • Decisive Swedish victory; Treaty of Roskilde/Treaty of Taastrup
Dano-Swedish War (1658–1660) (1658–1660) Denmark Denmark–Norway
 Dutch Republic
Brandenburg-Prussia
Poland–Lithuania
 Habsburg Monarchy
 Swedish Empire Victory
  • Treaty of Copenhagen (1660)
Dano-Dutch Colonial War in Guinea (1660–1664)[16] Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway
 Kingdom of England
Fetu tribe
 Dutch Republic Victory
Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665–1667)  Dutch Republic
 Denmark-Norway
 Kingdom of France
 Kingdom of England
Bishopric of Münster
Victory
  • Treaty of Breda (1667)
Second Swedish War on Bremen (1666) Bremen
Electorate of Cologne
Brunswick-Lüneburg
 Denmark-Norway
Electorate of Brandenburg
Dutch Republic Dutch Republic
 Sweden Draw
Scanian War (1675–1679)  Denmark-Norway
 Dutch Republic
 Holy Roman Empire
Brandenburg
 Sweden
 Kingdom of France
Status quo ante bellum
  • Treaty of Fontainebleau (1679)
Assault on Osu (1678) Ga-Adangbe
 Denmark-Norway
Akwamu Victory
  • Assult reppeled
Siege of Hamburg (1689) (1689) Denmark–Norway Denmark–Norway Hamburg
Brunswick-Lüneburg
Brandenburg-Prussia
Peace agreement
  • Dano-Norwegian withdrawal
  • Hamburg pays 300,000 thalers as compensation to Denmark-Norway
Great Northern War (1700–1720) Russia Tsardom of Russia
 Electorate of Saxony
Poland–Lithuania
Cossack Hetmanate
 Prussia
Province of Hanover Hanover
 Great Britain
Denmark Denmark–Norway
 Sweden
Holstein-Gottorp
Poland–Lithuania
 Ottoman Empire
Victory
War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714)[17] Spain loyal to Archduke Charles
 Habsburg Monarchy
 Great Britain (before 1707)
 Dutch Republic
 Duchy of Savoy
 Prussia
Portugal Kingdom of Portugal
Spain loyal to Philip V of Spain
 Kingdom of France
Bavaria Electorate of Bavaria
Victory
Rákóczi's War of Independence (1703–1711)  Holy Roman Empire:

 Denmark–Norway

Kuruc forces (Kingdom of Hungary)
Principality of Transylvania
 Kingdom of France
Victory
1733 slave insurrection on St. John (1733–1734)  Denmark–Norway Rebel slaves Victory
  • Rebellion suppressed
Battle of Jakobshavn (1739)  Denmark–Norway  Dutch Republic Victory
  • Dutch presence on Greenland collapses
Cattle War (1756)  Denmark–Norway Thanjavur Maratha kingdom Defeat
Strilekrigen (1765)  Denmark-Norway Norwegian peasants Rebellion suppressed
Danish–Algerian War (1770–1772) Denmark–Norway Dey of Algiers Defeat
Royal Life Guards' Mutiny (1771)  Denmark-Norway Royal Life Guard Execution of Struensee
Sagbadre War (1784)  Denmark-Norway Ada-Danish Alliance Anlo Confederacy Victory
  • Return of territory previously acquired by Anlo from the Alliance
  • Construction of Fort Prinzenstein
Lofthusreisingen (1786–1787)  Denmark-Norway Norwegian peasants Rebellion suppressed
Theatre War (1788–1789)  Denmark-Norway  Sweden Inconclusive
Action of 16 May 1797 (1797)  Denmark-Norway  Ottoman Empire (de jure) Victory
Lærdal Rebellion (1800–1802)  Denmark-Norway Norwegian peasants Rebellion suppressed

Napoleonic Wars (1800–1814)

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results
Napoleonic Wars (1800–1813)  France
 Ottoman Empire
 United Kingdom
 Sweden
 Russia
 Austrian Empire
 Prussia
 Spain
Portugal
 Ottoman Empire (until 1803)
 United Kingdom of the Netherlands
Defeat
English Wars (1801, 1807–1814) Denmark–Norway

French Empire
Spain

United Kingdom

Sweden

Defeat
Franco-Swedish War (1805–1810)
Victory
  • Treaty of Paris (1810)

Sweden regains Swedish Pomerania Sweden integrates the Continental System

Gunboat War (1807–1814)  Denmark–Norway  United Kingdom Defeat
Peninsular War (1807–1814)

 Denmark-Norway (Evacuation of La Romana's division)

Stalemate for Denmark-Norway
Dano-Swedish War (1808–09) (1808–1809) Denmark–Norway
 France
 Sweden
 United Kingdom
Stalemate
Jørgen Jørgensen's Revolution (1809)  Denmark-Norway
 United Kingdom
Iceland Victory
  • Imprisonment of Jørgen Jørgensen
French invasion of Russia (1812)  France

French allies:
 Austria
 Prussia
Denmark–Norway Denmark-Norway

 Russia Defeat
  • Start of the Sixth Coalition
War of the Sixth Coalition (1813-1814)  First French Empire

 Napoleonic Italy
 Kingdom of Naples
Duchy of Warsaw
Denmark–NorwayDenmark–Norway
Confederation of the Rhine

 Russian Empire
Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Prussia
 Austrian Empire
 United Kingdom
Sweden Sweden
Spain Spanish Empire
Portugal Kingdom of Portugal
 Two Sicilies
 Kingdom of Sardinia
Saxony
 Bavaria
 Württemberg
Baden
Netherlands United Netherlands
Defeat
  • Treaty of Fontainebleau
  • First Treaty of Paris

Kingdom of Norway (1814–present)

Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Prime Minister Casualties
Swedish–Norwegian War
(1814)
Norway Norway  Sweden Defeat (but Swedish acceptance of the Eidsvoll Constitution)
~400 killed
The Hatmaker War
(1851-1852)
Union between Sweden and Norway Norway The Workers Union Victory
  • Rebellion Crushed
133 workers arrested
Kautokeino rebellion
(1852)
Union between Sweden and Norway Norway Sápmi Samis Victory
  • Rebellion Crushed
Many killed, leaders of the revolt executed
World War II
(1940–1945)
 Soviet Union
 United States
 British Empire
 China
 France
Poland
 Yugoslavia
 Greece
 Denmark
 Norway
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
 Czechoslovakia
Ethiopian Empire Ethiopia
 Brazil
 Mexico
 Colombia
Cuba
Philippines
Mongolia
 Germany
 Japan
 Italy
 Romania
 Hungary
 Bulgaria
Slovakia
 Croatia
Victory
10,262 killed
Congo Crisis
(1960–1964)
Congo-Léopoldville
 Katanga
 South Kasai
Victory
None
Bosnian War
(1992–1995)
 Republika Srpska Victory
None
Kosovo War
(1998–1999)
Kosovo Liberation Army UÇK
 FR Yugoslavia Victory
None
War in Afghanistan
(2001–2021)
 Afghanistan
Afghanistan Taliban Defeat
  • Fall of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
  • Taliban retake Kabul
10 killed
Libyan Civil War
(2011)
Libya NTC
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Libya Victory
  • The NTC assumed interim control of Libya
None

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The Dutch Brigade

References

  1. ^ "The Vikings raided Africa and then took slaves back to Ireland | Smash Company".
  2. ^ "History: The Viking Adventure In Morocco".
  3. ^ Ibn-Adhari, translated in Stefansson, Jon, "The Vikings in Spain. From Arabic (Moorish) and Spanish Sources". In Saga-Book of the Viking Club: Vol. VI Proceedings. University of London King's College, 1909, pp. 40–41.
  4. ^ "Heimskringla: Saga of Olaf Haraldson: Part I". mcllibrary.org. Retrieved 2018-03-22.
  5. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (in Swedish) (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 135. ISBN 9189080262.
  6. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 151. ISBN 9189080262.
  7. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 153–155. ISBN 9189080262.
  8. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. pp. 157–159. ISBN 9189080262.
  9. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 161. ISBN 9189080262.
  10. ^ Sundberg, Ulf (1999). Medeltidens svenska krig (1st ed.). Stockholm: Hjalmarson & Högberg. p. 165. ISBN 9189080262.
  11. ^ Erik Opsahl. "Knut Alvsson". Store norske leksikon. Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  12. ^ Eriksson, Bo (2007). Lützen 1632 (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedts. pp. 29–31. ISBN 978-91-7263-790-0.
  13. ^ Oakley, Stewart Philip (1992). War and peace in the Baltic, 1560-1790. War in context. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-02472-3.
  14. ^ Frykenberg, R. E.; Deyell, J. (February 1980). "Tranquebar: A Guide to the Coins of Danish India, Circa 1620 to 1845. By John C. F. Gray. Lawrence, Mass.: Quarterman Publications, 1974. 83 pp. Illustrations. $12.50". The Journal of Asian Studies. 39 (2): 391. doi:10.1017/s0021911800162953. ISSN 0021-9118.
  15. ^ Wellen, Kathryn (2015-09-02). "The Danish East India Company's War against the Mughal Empire, 1642-1698". Journal of Early Modern History. 19 (5): 439–461. doi:10.1163/15700658-12342470. ISSN 1385-3783.
  16. ^ Milhist (2013-10-27). "Dansk-hollandsk kolonikrig i Guinea -". milhist.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 2023-12-22.
  17. ^ "The War of Spanish Succession 1701–1714". World History at KMLA. Archived from the original on 31 December 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
  18. ^ Zamoyski, Adam (2004). Moscow 1812: Napoleon's Fatal March. London: HarperCollins. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-00-712375-9. Retrieved 17 April 2021.
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Lists of wars involving European countries
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