Phelim Caoch O'Neill
Phelim Caoch O'Neill (Irish: Feidhlimidh Caoch Ó Néill, 1517-1542) was a prince of the Cenél nEógain.
The eldest son of King Conn Bacach O'Neill.[1] The then O'Neill, Conn's dynasty held lordship over significant parts of Ulster. Phelim's mother, Lady Alice Fitzgerald, was a daughter of Gerald FitzGerald, 8th Earl of Kildare. Phelim's father and maternal grandfather were among the most powerful men in Ireland in early sixteenth-century Ireland.
Early life
Phelim Caoch (the blind) was a son of Conn Bacach, then The O'Neill, lord of Tyrone. Phelim was raised in the Gaelic fashion at his father's principal residence, his castle at Dungannon, County Tyrone, and was groomed as his father's taniste[check spelling] to one day succeed as lord of Tyrone himself. At the time of his birth, his uncle was The O'Neill, but in 1519, Phelim's father Conn Bacach assumed the title, which was the senior position among the three major O'Neill dynasties: Tyrone, the Fews, and Clanaboy. The O'Neill was traditionally the provincial king of Ulster, with traditional authority over the subservient kings (known as uirríthe in Irish) of the province.[2] Phelim grew up learning the diplomacy and art of rule and war in Ulster. He took part in activities of his father's kingdom, including a stint as a hostage to the English just before his death. A part of Irish culture of that period was the custom of raiding. Raids against neighbouring lords for cattle was a primary past time for young noblemen. Especially in Ulster, cattle was main element of wealth. Thus the outcome of a raid weakened or promoted a junior Lord in the sixteenth century Ireland.
Later life
Phelim was married to Honora O'Neill, daughter of Phelim O'Neill of Edenduffcarrick in Clanaboy. They had a son named Tirlough Brassileagh O'Neill. He gained his nickname from fosterage on the Clan Brassill in southern Ulster.
Events surrounding his death
It was a longstanding vendetta with the lord of one of his fathers MacDonnell Galloglass septs that cost him his life. In early 1542 "The son of Ó Néill (Phelim Caoch, son of Conn, son of Conn) was killed with one cast of a javelin by MacDonnell Gallowglagh" according to the entry recording his death in the Annals of the Four Masters of Ireland.[3] He had been killed after a longstanding quarrel with his father's principal Galloglass commander Gillespic MacDonnell.[4] Phelim Caoch was assassinated in the months just prior to his father's submission to King Henry VIII.
Consequences
One is left to wonder what might have happened had Phelim Caoch lived. After his death, Conn Bacach had no nominated taniste and capriciously passed over the interests of his son Shane, a boy of only six or seven years old, by favoring a sixteen-year-old affiliated adoptee[5] named Mathew Kelly, (known in Irish as 'Feardorcha') the son of Alison Kelly (né, Roth), his current mistress. Conn's decision to take Mathew Kelly when he travelled to London to be created Earl of Tyrone would be the source of a sixty-year feud within the O'Neill dynasty when Mathew was made Baron of Dungannon and nominated as Conn's successor in English law, setting aside the superior claims of his sons, Conn Óg, Shane and Tirlough.[6]
After Phelim Caoch's assassination Gillespic MacDonnell's galloglass sept became committed the adherents of Mathew (Feardorcha) and his descendants, and consistent supporters of English policy.[7]
References
- ^ Hiram Morgan, Tyrone's Rebellion, The Outbreak of the Nine Years War in Tudor Ireland, The Royal Historical Society, The Boydell Press, p. 86
- ^ E. Ó Doibhlin (ed) ‘Ceart Ui Néill’, Seanchas Ardmhhacha, 5, 1970
- ^ The Four Masters, [ed. John O'Donovan] Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland from the Earliest Times to the Year 1616, Third edition, De Búrca Rare Books (Dublin, 1990). p. 1467.
- ^ Donald M. Schlegel, 'The MacDonnells of Tyrone and Armagh: A Genealogical Study,' Seanchas Ardmhacha, vol. 10, no.1 (1980/1981), pg. 205
- ^ Sean Ghall, 'An Historical Note on Shane O'Neill,' The Catholic Bulletin, vol XIII, April–May 1923, pgs, 311-314.
- ^ See Genealogical chart, Hiram Morgan, op cit, pgs. 86-7
- ^ Donald M. Schlegel, Loc. Cit., pg. 214
Sources
- Annals of the Four Masters, a.d. 1542
- O'Neill, the Ancient and Royal Family
- v
- t
- e
- Connachta
- Uí Néill
- Northern Uí Néill
- Cenél nEógain (Branches)
- Gaelic nobility of Ireland
- Kings of Ailech
- Tyrone (Kings)
- Clandeboye
- Kings of Ulster
- Earl of Tyrone
- Viscount O'Neill
- O'Neill baronets
- An sluagh sidhe so i nEamhuin?
- High King of Ireland
- Tyrone's Rebellion
- Treaty of Mellifont
- Flight of the Earls
- Irish Rebellion of 1641
- Irish Confederate Wars
- O'Neill's Regiment
- Niall Roe O'Neill
- Brian O'Neill
- Donnell O'Neill
- Áed Remar O'Neill
- Niall Mór mac Aodha Reamhair
- Niall Óg mac Néill
- Brian Óg mac Néill Óg
- Donnell O'Neill
- Art Oge O'Neill
- Conn O'Neill
- Phelim Caoch O'Neill
- Shane O'Neill
- Matthew O'Neill
- Brian O'Neill
- Hugh O'Neill
- Conn O'Neill
- Shane O'Neill
- Cormac MacBaron O'Neill
- Art MacBaron O'Neill
- Owen Roe O'Neill
- Brian MacArt O'Neill
- Hugh McShane O'Neill
- Henry MacShane O'Neill
- Conn MacShane O'Neill
- Turlough MacShane O'Neill
- Phelim MacShane O'Neill
- Gordon O'Neill
- Turlough Luineach O'Neill
- Arthur O'Neill
Clandeboye
- Hugh Boy O'Neill
- Brian O'Neill
- Henry O'Neill
- Muirchertach Ceannfada O'Neill
- Brian Ballagh O'Neill
- Murtagh Roe O'Neill
- Hugh Boy II O'Neill
- Conn O'Neill
- Niall Mór O'Neill
- Hugh O'Neill
- Brian Ballagh II O'Neill
- Niall Oge O'Neill
- Murtagh Dulenagh O'Neill
- Phelim Bacagh O'Neill
- Brian McPhelim O'Neill
- Hugh Oge O'Neill
- Neil O'Neill
- Daniel O'Neill
- Rose O'Neill
- John O'Neill
- Charles O'Neill
- John Bruce O'Neill
- Felix O'Neill
- Conn Ó Néill
- João O'Neill
- Carlos O'Neill
- José Maria O'Neill
- José Carlos O'Neill
- Jorge Torlades O'Neill I
- Jorge Torlades O'Neill II
- Hugo José Jorge O'Neill
- Jorge Maria O'Neill
- Charles Henry O'Neill
of the Fews
- Category