Simijaca Formation
Simijaca Formation | |
---|---|
Stratigraphic range: Cenomanian-Turonian ~100–90 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N | |
Type | Geological formation |
Unit of | Villeta Group |
Underlies | La Frontera Formation |
Overlies | Chiquinquirá Sst., Churuvita Fm., Hiló Fm., Pacho Fm. |
Thickness | up to 693 m (2,270 ft) |
Lithology | |
Primary | Mudstone |
Other | Shale, sandstone, limestone |
Location | |
Coordinates | 5°29′15″N 73°50′55″W / 5.48750°N 73.84861°W / 5.48750; -73.84861 |
Region | Altiplano Cundiboyacense Eastern Ranges, Andes |
Country | ![]() |
Type section | |
Named for | Simijaca |
Named by | Ulloa & Rodríguez |
Location | South of Simijaca |
Year defined | 1991 |
Coordinates | 5°29′15″N 73°50′55″W / 5.48750°N 73.84861°W / 5.48750; -73.84861 |
Region | Cundinamarca, Boyacá |
Country | ![]() |
Thickness at type section | 432 metres (1,420 ft) |
![]() Paleogeography of Northern South America 90 Ma, by Ron Blakey |
The Simijaca Formation (Spanish: Formación Simijaca, K2S, Kss) is a geological formation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Eastern Ranges of the Colombian Andes. The predominantly mudstone formation dates to the Late Cretaceous period; Turonian and Cenomanian epochs, and has a maximum thickness of 693 metres (2,274 ft).
Etymology
The formation was defined and named in 1991 by Ulloa and Rodríguez after Simijaca, Cundinamarca.[1]
Description
Lithologies
The Simijaca Formation is characterised by a sequence of mudstones, grey and black shales with sandstone and limestone intercalations.[1][2]
Stratigraphy and depositional environment
The Simijaca Formation conformably overlies the Chiquinquirá Sandstone, and the Hiló and Pacho Formations, and is overlain by the La Frontera Formation.[3] The age has been estimated to be Turonian,[1] or Cenomanian.[4] Stratigraphically, the formation is time equivalent with the Chipaque Formation.[5] The formation has been deposited in an open marine platform setting.[6] The deposition is represented by a maximum flooding surface.[7]
Outcrops
![Simijaca Formation is located in the Altiplano Cundiboyacense](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Altiplano_Cundiboyacense.png/250px-Altiplano_Cundiboyacense.png)
![Simijaca Formation](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Green_pog.svg/12px-Green_pog.svg.png)
The Simijaca Formation is apart from its type locality in the Quebrada Don Lope,[2] found at surface in the north of the Bogotá savanna, in the Tabio anticlinal, along the road Ubaté-Carmen de Carupa,[8] at the western and eastern flanks of the Aponsentos-Chiquinquirá Synclinal,[9] near Tena, south of Anolaima and Cachipay,[10] and between Anapoima and Granada.[11]
Regional correlations
Age | Paleomap | VMM | Guaduas-Vélez | W Emerald Belt | Villeta anticlinal | Chiquinquirá- Arcabuco | Tunja- Duitama | Altiplano Cundiboyacense | El Cocuy | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maastrichtian | ![]() | Umir | Córdoba | Seca | eroded | Guaduas | Colón-Mito Juan | ||||||
Umir | Guadalupe | ||||||||||||
Campanian | Córdoba | ||||||||||||
Oliní | |||||||||||||
Santonian | La Luna | Cimarrona - La Tabla | La Luna | ||||||||||
Coniacian | Oliní | Villeta | Conejo | Chipaque | |||||||||
Güagüaquí | Loma Gorda | undefined | La Frontera | ||||||||||
Turonian | ![]() | Hondita | La Frontera | Otanche | |||||||||
Cenomanian | Simití | hiatus | La Corona | Simijaca | Capacho | ||||||||
Pacho Fm. | Hiló - Pacho | Churuvita | Une | Aguardiente | |||||||||
Albian | ![]() | Hiló | Chiquinquirá | Tibasosa | Une | ||||||||
Tablazo | Tablazo | Capotes - La Palma - Simití | Simití | Tibú-Mercedes | |||||||||
Aptian | Capotes | Socotá - El Peñón | Paja | Fómeque | |||||||||
Paja | Paja | El Peñón | Trincheras | Río Negro | |||||||||
La Naveta | |||||||||||||
Barremian | ![]() | ||||||||||||
Hauterivian | Muzo | Cáqueza | Las Juntas | ||||||||||
Rosablanca | Ritoque | ||||||||||||
Valanginian | Ritoque | Furatena | Útica - Murca | Rosablanca | hiatus | Macanal | |||||||
Rosablanca | |||||||||||||
Berriasian | ![]() | Cumbre | Cumbre | Los Medios | Guavio | ||||||||
Tambor | Arcabuco | Cumbre | |||||||||||
Sources |
See also
References
- ^ a b c Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.21
- ^ a b Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.38
- ^ Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.32
- ^ Acosta & Ulloa, 2001, p.41
- ^ Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.22
- ^ García González et al., 2009, p.209
- ^ Villamil, 2012, p.164
- ^ Montoya & Reyes, 2005, p.23
- ^ Plancha 190, 2009
- ^ Plancha 227, 1998
- ^ Plancha 246, 1998
Bibliography
- Acosta Garay, Jorge; Ulloa Melo, Carlos E. (2001), Geología de la Plancha 208 Villeta - 1:100,000 (PDF), INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–84, retrieved 2017-03-23
- García González, Mario; Mier Umaña, Ricardo; Cruz Guevara, Luis Enrique; Vásquez, Mauricio (2009), Informe Ejecutivo - evaluación del potencial hidrocarburífero de las cuencas colombianas, Universidad Industrial de Santander, pp. 1–219
- Montoya Arenas, Diana María; Reyes Torres, Germán Alfonso (2005), Geología de la Sabana de Bogotá, INGEOMINAS, pp. 1–104
- Villamil, Tomas (2012), Chronology Relative Sea Level History and a New Sequence Stratigraphic Model for Basinal Cretaceous Facies of Colombia, Society for Sedimentary Geology (SEPM), pp. 161–216
Maps
- Ulloa, Carlos E; Rodríguez, Erasmo (2009), Plancha 170 - Vélez - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Fuquen M., Jaime A; Osorno M, José F. (2009), Plancha 190 - Chiquinquirá - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Ulloa, Carlos; Acosta, Jorge (1998), Plancha 208 - Villeta - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Montoya, Diana María; Reyes, Germán (2009), Plancha 209 - Zipaquirá - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Ulloa, Carlos E; Rodríguez, Erasmo; Acosta, Jorge E. (1998), Plancha 227 - La Mesa - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
- Acosta, Jorge E.; Ulloa, Carlos E. (1998), Plancha 246 - Fusagasugá - 1:100,000, INGEOMINAS, p. 1, retrieved 2017-06-06
External links
- Gómez, J.; Montes, N.E.; Nivia, Á.; Diederix, H. (2015), Plancha 5-09 del Atlas Geológico de Colombia 2015 – escala 1:500,000, Servicio Geológico Colombiano, p. 1, retrieved 2017-03-23